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1979

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In 1979, the arcade golden age entered its peak years, setting new records for the arcade game industry. However, the home console market was still stagnating after the 1977 crash, which it would recover from with the Atari VCS port of Space Invaders in 1980.

The year's highest-grossing video game was Taito's arcade blockbuster Space Invaders for the second year in a row. The year's best-selling home system was the Nintendo's Color TV Block Kuzushi, while the best-selling handheld electronic game was Atari's LED title Touch Me.

Financial performance[]

The following table lists the annual sales and revenue generated by the electronic games industry this year, including video games and electro‑mechanical games. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Industry Products Market Unit sales Annual revenue (est.) Ref
Nominal Inflation
Electronic games United States 20,956,700 $4,150,000,000 $17,000,000,000
Japan 800,000+ $3,431,000,000 $14,000,000,000
Handheld Handheld electronic games United States 15,000,000 $375,000,000 $1,600,000,000 [1]
Arcade games Worldwide 980,300+ $8,195,000,000 $34,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade games United States 306,700 $3,445,000,000 $14,000,000,000
Japan 300,000+ $3,400,000,000 $14,000,000,000 [2][3][4]
Spain 100,000+ — — [5]
Arcade video games United Kingdom 80,600+ $720,000,000 $3,000,000,000 [6]
Sydney — $50,000,000 $210,000,000 [7]
Other markets 193,000+ $580,000,000 $2,400,000,000
Electro‑mechanical games Worldwide 200,000+ $3,000,000,000 $13,000,000,000
Arcade Electro‑mechanical games United States 200,000 $2,300,000,000 $9,700,000,000 [8]
Japan — $700,000,000 $2,900,000,000 [9]
Video games Worldwide 6,930,300+ $5,456,000,000 $23,000,000,000
Arcade Arcade video games Japan 300,000+ $2,600,000,000 $11,000,000,000 [9][2][10]
United States 106,700 $1,145,000,000 $4,800,000,000 [1][11]
United Kingdom 80,600+ $720,000,000 $3,000,000,000 [6]
Spain 100,000+ — — [5]
Sydney — $50,000,000+ $210,000,000+ [7]
Other markets 193,000+ $580,000,000+ $2,400,000,000+
Worldwide 780,300+ $5,095,000,000 $21,000,000,000
Console Video game consoles United States 1,550,000 $233,000,000 $980,000,000 [1]
Worldwide 2,050,000 $264,000,000 $1,100,000,000
Dedicated consoles Japan 500,000 $31,000,000 $130,000,000 [12]
United States 800,000 $48,000,000 $160,000,000 [1]
Worldwide 1,300,000 $79,000,000 $330,000,000
Cartridge consoles United States 750,000 $185,000,000 $780,000,000 [1]
Console game cartridges United States 4,100,000 $53,900,000 $230,000,000 [11]
Console market United States 5,650,000 $330,000,000 $1,400,000,000 [1][13]
Worldwide 6,150,000 $361,000,000 $1,500,000,000
Video games Japan 800,000+ $2,631,000,000 $11,000,000,000
United States 5,756,700 $1,475,000,000 $6,200,000,000
Electronic games Worldwide 22,130,300+ $8,931,000,000 $37,000,000,000

Highest-grossing games[]

Space Invaders was the top-grossing video game worldwide in 1979.[2] The following table lists the highest-grossing electronic games worldwide in 1979, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games) across arcades and homes. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Worldwide revenue (est.) Genre Type Platform
Nominal Inflation
1 Space Invaders Taito $3,930,000,000 $16,000,000,000 Shmup VG Arcade
2 Galaxian Namco $250,000,000 $1,000,000,000
3 Monaco GP Sega $230,000,000 $970,000,000 Racing
4 IPM Invader [14][15] IPM (Irem) $200,000,000 $840,000,000 Shmup
5 Head On Sega $110,000,000 $460,000,000 Maze
6 Super Speed Race V Taito $68,000,000 $290,000,000 Racing VG
Piccadilly Circus Konami $68,000,000 $290,000,000 Medal EM
8 EVR Race Nintendo $48,000,000 $200,000,000 Medal EM
9 Harness Race Sega $36,000,000 $150,000,000
10 Kentucky Derby Universal $32,000,000 $130,000,000
11 Color TV Block Kuzushi Nintendo $31,000,000 $130,000,000 Sports VG Console
12 Speed Race CL-5 Taito $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Racing VG Arcade
Space Chaser Taito $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Maze
Special Dual Sega $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Action
Space Stranger Hoei $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Shmup
TV Poker[n 1] Sigma[n 2] $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Medal EM
17 Space Intruders Subelectro $23,000,000 $97,000,000 Shmup VG
18 Heiankyo Alien Denki $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Maze VG
Sheriff (Bandido) Nintendo $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Shooter
Group Skill Diga Sega $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Crane EM
King of Kings Universal $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Medal
Faro Sega $20,000,000 $84,000,000
Electronic games $6,000,000,000 $28,000,000,000
Video games $5,000,000,000 $23,000,000,000
Electro-mechanical $750,000,000 $3,100,000,000
Handheld electronic $375,000,000 $1,600,000,000

Highest-grossing arcade games[]

Space Invaders became the arcade game industry's all-time best-seller by 1979.[16] The following table lists the highest-grossing arcade games worldwide in 1979, including both video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games). See sub-sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.

Rank Title Company Worldwide revenue (est.) Genre Type Generation
Nominal Inflation
1 Space Invaders Taito $3,930,000,000 $16,000,000,000 Shmup Video 8-bit
2 Galaxian Namco $250,000,000 $1,000,000,000 Video 8-bit
3 Monaco GP Sega $230,000,000 $970,000,000 Racing Video Discrete
4 IPM Invader [14][15] IPM (Irem) $200,000,000 $840,000,000 Shmup Video 8-bit
5 Head On Sega $110,000,000 $460,000,000 Maze
6 Super Speed Race V Taito $68,000,000 $290,000,000 Racing Video 8-bit
Piccadilly Circus Konami $68,000,000 $290,000,000 Medal Electro-mechanical
8 EVR Race Nintendo $48,000,000 $200,000,000 Medal Electro-mechanical
9 Harness Race Sega $36,000,000 $150,000,000
10 Kentucky Derby Universal $32,000,000 $130,000,000
11 Speed Race CL-5 Taito $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Racing Video Discrete
Space Chaser Taito $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Maze Video 8-bit
Special Dual Sega $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Action
Space Stranger Hoei $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Shmup
TV Poker[n 3] Sigma[n 4] $24,000,000 $101,000,000 Medal Electro-mechanical
16 Space Intruders Subelectro $23,000,000 $97,000,000 Shmup Video 8-bit
17 Heiankyo Alien Denki $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Maze Video 8-bit
Sheriff (Bandido) Nintendo $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Shooter
Group Skill Diga Sega $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Crane Electro-mechanical
King of Kings Universal $20,000,000 $84,000,000 Medal
Faro Sega $20,000,000 $84,000,000

The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade game in various markets.

Title Company Genre Market Cabinet sales Gross revenue (est.)
Annual Cume Nominal Inflation Ref
Space Invaders Taito Shmup Japan 300,000[10] 400,000[2] $1,700,000,000 $7,100,000,000 [4]
USA 55,000[17] 65,000[10] $900,000,000 $3,800,000,000 [18][10]
UK 78,000+[10] 85,000[2] $700,000,000 $2,900,000,000 [19]
Sydney Unknown 3,000[20] $50,000,000 $210,000,000 [21][22]
Other 193,000+[10] 197,000 $580,000,000 $2,400,000,000 [23]
Space Invaders Taito Shmup Worldwide 632,000 750,000[2] $3,930,000,000 $16,000,000,000 [10]

Japan[]

In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1979, according to the annual Game Machine chart. Taito's Space Invaders was the highest-grossing arcade game for a second year in a row. The list includes both video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).[24][25]

Rank Title Company Rankings[24] Gross revenue (est.)[n 5] Genre Type
1 2 3 Points
1 Space Invaders Taito 40 4 3 131 $1,700,000,000[4] Shmup VG
2 Galaxian Namco 9 13 9 62 $250,000,000
3 Monaco GP Sega 9 11 8 57 $230,000,000 Racing
4 Head On Sega 0 11 2 24 $96,000,000 Maze
5 Super Speed Race V Taito 2 5 1 17 $68,000,000 Racing VG
Piccadilly Circus Konami 4 2 1 17 $68,000,000 Medal EM
7 EVR Race Nintendo 2 2 2 12 $48,000,000 Medal EM
8 Harness Race Sega 2 1 1 9 $36,000,000
9 Kentucky Derby Universal 2 1 0 8 $32,000,000
10 Speed Race CL-5 Taito 0 1 4 6 $24,000,000 Racing VG
Space Chaser Taito 0 2 2 6 $24,000,000 Maze
Special Dual Sega 0 2 2 6 $24,000,000 Action
Space Stranger Hoei 2 0 0 6 $24,000,000 Shmup
TV Poker[n 6] Sigma[n 7] 1 1 1 6 $24,000,000 Medal EM
15 Heiankyo Alien Denki 0 1 3 5 $20,000,000 Maze VG
Sheriff (Bandido) Nintendo 0 1 3 5 $20,000,000 Shooter
Group Skill Diga Sega 1 0 2 5 $20,000,000 Crane EM
King of Kings Universal 1 1 0 5 $20,000,000 Medal
Faro Sega 1 1 0 5 $20,000,000
20 Space Invaders Part II Taito 0 2 0 4 $16,000,000 Shmup VG
Galaxy Wars Universal 0 1 2 4 $16,000,000 Action
Astro Fighter Data East 0 1 2 4 $16,000,000 Shmup
The Driver[n 8] Kasco 0 1 2 4 $16,000,000 Driving EM
Udezumō[n 9] Unknown 0 2 0 4 $16,000,000 Sports
The Super Car[n 10] Fuji[n 11] 0 1 2 4 $16,000,000 Medal
EVR Basketball Nintendo 0 2 0 4 $16,000,000
TV 21 Jatre 0 2 0 4 $16,000,000
Lunar Lander Sega 0 0 4 4 $16,000,000 Space VG
29 Lunar Rescue Taito 0 1 1 3 $12,000,000 Action VG
Mini Roulette[n 12] Universal 0 1 1 3 $12,000,000 Medal EM
Super Machine Universal 1 0 0 3 $12,000,000
The Derby Sigma[n 13] 1 0 0 3 $12,000,000
Basketball Atari 1 0 0 3 $12,000,000 Sports VG
34 Western Gun Taito 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Shooter VG
Field Goal Taito 0 0 2 2 $8,000,000 Sports
Star Wars Taito 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Action
Space Attack Sega 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Shmup
Ichiban Hoshi[n 14] Taiyō[n 15] 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Medal EM
Rotary Duet[n 16] Kansai[n 17] 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000
Super Twin Hoei 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Action VG
Head On Part II Sega 0 1 0 2 $8,000,000 Maze
42 Top Bowler Taito 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Sports VG
Space Fever Nintendo 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Shmup
Invader[n 18] SNK 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
Safari Rally SNK 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Driving
Space Fighter Data East 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Shmup
Submarine Namco 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 FPS EM
Mogura Taiji TOGO 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Mole
Dai Ressha Aoi[n 19] Kasco 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Sim
Pierrot Konami 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Medal
Color Bingo Taito 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
Million Dice Bonanza 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
Pin Pon Pan[n 20] Daito[n 21] 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
Black Emperor[n 22] Waipu[n 23] 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
UFO'77 Bendo[n 24] 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000
Head On N Nintendo 0 0 1 1 $4,000,000 Maze VG
Market 88 88 88 528 $3,400,000,000[4]
Video games 365 $2,600,000,000
EM games 163 $700,000,000

United States[]

The following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1979 in the United States, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).[26][27][28]

Rank Title[26][27] Company Cabinet sales[1] Gross revenue (est.)[29][30][31] Genre Type
Annual Cume Nominal Inflation Ref
1 Space Invaders Taito 55,000[17] 66,000[32] $900,000,000 $3,800,000,000 [18][10] Shmup VG
2 Air Hockey Brunswick — 33,000[33] $46,000,000 $190,000,000 Sports EM
4 Atari Football Atari 901[34] 11,306[34] $17,000,000 $71,000,000 Sports VG
3 Asteroids Atari 10,000[35][36] $17,000,000 $71,000,000 [34] Shmup
5 Star Fire Exidy — — $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Shooter
6 Head On Sega — — $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Maze
7 Space Wars Cinematronics — 10,000[37] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Shooter
8 Sprint 2 Atari — 8,200[38] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Racing
9 Crash Exidy — – $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Maze
10 Super Breakout Atari — 4,805[34] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Block
11 Star Hawk Cinematronics — — $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Shooter
12 Video Pinball Atari 1,505[34] 1,505 $15,000,000 $63,000,000 [34][39] Pinball
13 Night Driver Atari — 2,100[40] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 [39] Racing
14 Sprint 1 Atari — — $15,000,000 $63,000,000
15 Sea Wolf II Midway — 4,000[41] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 [39] Shooter
16 Baseball Atari 1,050[34] 1,050 $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Sports
17 Speed Freak Vectorbeam — — $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Racing
18 F-1 Namco 3,000[42] 4,200[43] $15,000,000 $63,000,000 Racing EM
19 Sea Wolf Midway — 10,000[44] $10,000,000 $42,000,000 Shooter VG
20 Fire Truck Atari — — $1,000,000 $4,000,000 Racing
21 Super Bug Atari — 3,500[45] $1,000,000 $4,000,000
22 Basketball Atari — — Sports

United Kingdom[]

Rank Title Company Cabinet sales Gross revenue (est.) Genre
Annual Cume Nominal Inflation Ref
1 Space Invaders Taito 78,000+[10] 85,000[2] $700,000,000 $2,900,000,000 [19] Shmup
2 Space Intruders Subelectro 2,500[46] 2,500 $23,000,000 $97,000,000
3 Space Attack Alca 100+[47] 100+ $1,000,000 $4,000,000
Total 80,600+ 87,600+ $720,000,000 $3,000,000,000

Home market[]

Best-selling systems[]

Rank System Company Sales Gross revenue (est.) Type Generation Ref
Nominal Inflation
1 Color TV Block Kuzushi Nintendo 500,000 $31,000,000 $130,000,000 Console First [48]
2 Atari VCS Atari 450,000 $81,000,000 $340,000,000 Console Second [49]
3 TRS-80 Tandy 200,000 — — Computer 8-bit [50]
4 NEC PC-8001 NEC 150,000[51] $120,000,000 $500,000,000 Computer 8-bit [52][53]
5 Atari 400 / 800 Atari 100,000 — — Computer 8-bit [50]
6 Commodore PET Commodore 45,000
7 Apple II Apple 35,000
Home systems 2,630,000 $264,000,000 $1,100,000,000 [1]
Video game consoles 2,050,000 $264,000,000 $1,100,000,000 Console [1]
Personal computers 580,000 — — Computer [50]

Best-selling games[]

Rank Title Platform Company Sales Gross revenue (est.) Ref Type
Nominal Inflation
1 Touch Me Handheld Atari 745,664 $8,900,000 $37,000,000 [54][55] LED
2 Color TV Block Kuzushi Console Nintendo 500,000 $31,000,000 $130,000,000 [48] Video
3 Computer Perfection Handheld Lakeside 500,000 $15,000,000 $63,000,000 [56][57] LED
4 Combat Atari VCS Atari 450,000 $9,000,000 $38,000,000 [49][58] Video
5 Super Invader Apple II Taito 10,000 $400,000 $2,000,000 [59][60][61]
6 ChessMate Computers Micro-Ware 10,000 $200,000 $1,000,000 [62][63]
7 Temple of Apshai Computers Automated 5,000 $200,000 $2,000,000 [64][65]
8 Flight Simulator Computers SubLogic 5,000 $150,000 $600,000 [59][66]
9 Microchess Computers Micro-Ware 4,000 $90,000 $400,000 [67][63][68]
10 Akalabeth: World of Doom Apple II Garriott 2,000 $40,000 $200,000 [69]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ TV ポー カー TV Pōkā
  2. ↑ シグマ Shiguma
  3. ↑ TV ポー カー TV Pōkā
  4. ↑ シグマ Shiguma
  5. ↑ In 1979, arcade games grossed an estimated $3.4 billion in Japan, including $1.7 billion for Space Invaders alone.[4] For other arcade games:
    • 397 points[24] equivalent to $1.7 billion[4] = $4 million per point (est.)
  6. ↑ TV ポー カー TV Pōkā
  7. ↑ シグマ Shiguma
  8. ↑ ザ・ドライバー Za Doraibā
  9. ↑ 腕相撲, "Arm Wrestling"
  10. ↑ スーパーカー Sūpā Kā
  11. ↑ 富士電子工業 Fuji Denshi Kōgyō
  12. ↑ ミニ・ルーレット Mini Rūretto
  13. ↑ シグマ Shiguma
  14. ↑ 一番星, "First Star"
  15. ↑ 太陽自動機 Taiyō Jidōki
  16. ↑ ロータリーデュェット Rotari Deyuetto
  17. ↑ 関西企業 Kansai Kigyō, "Kansai Enterprise"
  18. ↑ インベーダー Inbēdā
  19. ↑ 大列車葵撃 Dai Ressha Aoi Geki, "Great Train Aoi Geki"
  20. ↑ ピンポンパン
  21. ↑ 大登工業 Daito Kōgyō
  22. ↑ ブラック エンペラー Burakku Enperā
  23. ↑ ワイプ
  24. ↑ ベンドジャパン Bendo Japan

References[]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Video Game Sales: 1972-1999. Gaming Alexandria (June 7, 2021).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "After Pong". ACE (6): 29-32 (29). 4 February 1988. March 1988. https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n28/mode/1up.
  3. ↑ "Can Asteroids Conquer Space Invaders?". Electronic Games 1 (1): 30-33 (31). Winter 1981. https://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf#page=31. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Star invaders: Space invaders turn on Japanese to delights in inter-galactic war". The Financial Post (Canada): p. S8. 6 October 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=4GI_AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA52.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Morales, Eddie (Autumn 1982). "The tangle web of Spain's gaming machine industry". Coin Slot Location (United Kingdom) 2 (4): 6-21. https://archive.org/details/coin-slot-location-volume-2-issue-4-autumn-1982/Coin%20Slot%20Location%20-%20Volume%202%20Issue%204%20-%20Autumn%201982/page/n7/mode/2up.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 See United Kingdom section
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 See Space Invaders table in Highest-grossing arcade games section
  8. ↑ Citron, Alan (December 14, 1982). "The Rise And Fall Of Pinball". Pittsburgh Press: p. 13. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0SArAAAAIBAJ&pg=6917,9675959.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 See Japan section
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 1978
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985. U.S. Government Printing Office. December 1984. pp. 229. https://books.google.com/books?id=iXFqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA229.
  12. ↑ See Home market section
  13. ↑ Lindner, Richard (1990). Video Games: Past, Present and Future; An Industry Overview. United States: Nintendo of America. https://archive.org/details/06Kahle001551.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Tsujimoto — Capcom's "Toy Maker" — Talks About Video Business & Video Philosophy". RePlay 11 (3): 85-90. December 1985. https://retrocdn.net/images/8/8d/RePlay_US_Volume_11_No._03.pdf#page=85.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry. Springer Nature. p. 21. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21. "The price of the first monochrome version of the table cabinet was 460,000 yen (580,000 yen for the color version released later), but in a single day, it generated 20,000–30,000 yen. In less than a month, game center can make their investment money back, and the rest will be all cash income."
  16. ↑ "1979: The Year in Review". Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 114. 19 December 1979. https://archive.org/details/cashbox41unse_31/page/n131.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Sullivan, George (1983). "The First Big Hits". Screen Play: The Story of Video Games. F. Warne. p. 38-47 (40). ISBN 978-0-7232-6251-0. https://archive.org/details/ScreenPlaytheStoryofVideoGames/page/n49.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Sullivan, George (1983). "The First Big Hits". Screen Play: The Story of Video Games. F. Warne. pp. 38–47 (40). ISBN 978-0-7232-6251-0. https://archive.org/details/ScreenPlaytheStoryofVideoGames/page/n49.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Durham, Tony. “Space-age pirates in a battle of wits.” Sunday Times, 16 March 1980, p. 63
  20. ↑ "Hooked on Space Invaders". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 September 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=vQFkAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9&article_id=2831,2830780.
  21. ↑ "Invasion is over but space games battle on". The Age (Australia): p. 31. 13 July 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=DCRVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA31&article_id=3213,5952108.
  22. ↑ "Zap this pow-blip". The Sydney Morning Herald: p. 21. 18 January 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=9_5jAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA11.
  23. ↑ "Fall Warehouse Clearance Sale". Play Meter 5 (21): 128. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/128.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "ベストスリー 本紙調査 (Best 3 Paper Survey)" (in Japanese). Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (136): 2. February 1980. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19800201p.pdf#page=2.
  25. ↑ "調査対象5年間のベスト1". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (159): 1. 15 February 1981. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19810215p.pdf.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "The Winners of '79: Top Videos". Play Meter 5 (21): 24. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/24.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Video Games". RePlay. November 1979. https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2014/03/more-bronze-age-video-game-popularity.html.
  28. ↑ "AMOA Expo 1979: '79 Route Survey". Cash Box: AMOA-33. November 10, 1979. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1979/CB-1979-11-10.pdf#page=59.
  29. ↑ "1979". Play Meter 20 (13): 62. December 1994. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/62.
  30. ↑ "Breakdown of Amusement Equipment". Play Meter 5 (21): 20. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/20.
  31. ↑ "AMOA Expo 1979: '79 Route Survey". Cash Box: AMOA-16. November 10, 1979. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1979/CB-1979-11-10.pdf#page=40.
  32. ↑ 1978
  33. ↑ Oh, the shape we're in (September 1979)
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  35. ↑ The Marketing Information Guide, Volumes 8-9. 1979. p. 21. https://books.google.com/books?id=n2QtAQAAMAAJ. "Now, with Asteroids production outdoing any other game in Coin-Ops ' history"
  36. ↑ "Special Feature: Marketing the World's Hottest Game". RePlay. April 1979. https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2013/11/video-game-myth-busters-space-invaders.html.
  37. ↑ Bloom, Steve (1982). Video Invaders. Arco Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-668-05520-8. https://archive.org/details/book_video_invaders/page/n38.
  38. ↑ Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "What's new in games". The Pizza Times 2 (1): p. 3. May 1980. https://showbizpizza.com/info/documents/ptt/ptt_pizzatimes-1980.pdf#page=3.
  40. ↑ Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  41. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games, BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ, retrieved 2011-04-09, "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines. (A later color version sold an additional 4000 units.)"
  42. ↑ Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  43. ↑ 1977
  44. ↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games, BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ, retrieved 2011-04-09, "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines. (A later color version sold an additional 4000 units.)"
  45. ↑ Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
  46. ↑ Durham, Tony. “Space-age pirates in a battle of wits.” Sunday Times, 16 March 1980, p. 63
  47. ↑ Meades, Alan (2022-10-25). "5: Pings, Pongs, and Pioneers". Arcade Britannia: A Social History of the British Amusement Arcade. The MIT Press. pp. 121-44. ISBN 978-0-262-37234-3. https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5459/chapter/3979910/Pings-Pongs-and-Pioneers.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 First generation of video games
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Second generation of video games
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Reimer, Jeremy (2005-12-15). Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures. Ars Technica.
  51. ↑ West, Joel (January 1996). Moderators of the Diffusion of Technological Innovation: Growth of the Japanese PC Industry. Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations 9–10. University of California, Irvine. alternate url
  52. ↑ 日本電気社史編纂室 (2001-12-25) (in Japanese). 日本電気株式会社百年史. NEC. pp. 653–654.
  53. ↑ Forster, Winnie (2005). The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972 - 2005. GAMEPLAN. p. 33. ISBN 3-00-015359-4.
  54. ↑ Goldberg, Marty (2012). Atari Inc. Business Is Fun. Carmel, NY: Syzygy Co.. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-9855974-0-5. https://archive.org/details/atariincbusiness0000gold/page/258.
  55. ↑ "Electronic games are today's way to play". Kiplinger's Personal Finance 34 (11): 40. November 1980. ISSN 1528-9729. https://books.google.com/books?id=iAYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40.
  56. ↑ "Business Week, Issues 2610-2618". Business Week (2610-2618): 52. 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=tjw7AAAAMAAJ. "Lakeside Games, a division of Leisure Dynamics Inc, is wringing its hands over the fact it has orders for 800,000 of its new Computer Perfection game (...) Computer Perfection game but will only be able to fulfill 500,000 shipments because of cutbacks in its chip allocations"
  57. ↑ "Boardroom Reports, Volume 8". Boardroom Reports 8: 18. 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=gRocAQAAMAAJ. "Computer Perfection ($30), by Lakeside, is one of this year's hottest sellers."
  58. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk80AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA74
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "List of Top Sellers". Computer Gaming World 2 (5): 2. September–October 1982. http://pdf.textfiles.com/zines/CGW/1982_0910_issue6.pdf#page=4.
  60. ↑ Akalabeth Insert. California Pacific.
  61. ↑ Tommervik, Al, ed. (April 1981). "Super Invader is Readers' Choice". Softalk (North Hollywood, CA: Softalk Publishing Inc.) 1 (8): 13. https://archive.org/details/softalkv1n08apr1981/page/13.
  62. ↑ Oral History of Peter Jennings. Computer History Museum (February 1, 2005).
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=y5c_AQAAIAAJ&dq=Microchess
  64. ↑ Paul Freiverger, "This Company Is Serious About Games", InfoWorld, 11 May 1981, p. 10
  65. ↑ "Upper Reaches of Apshai". PC Magazine: 163. November 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=vy3cBZkjbZgC&pg=RA2-PA163.
  66. ↑ Everyone's Guide to Personal Computers. 1983. p. 172. https://books.google.com/books?id=w5JSNPOHexkC&q=%22Price+Range+:+%24+30%22. "Flight Simulator (...) Vendor: subLOGIC (...) Price Range: $30 to $35"
  67. ↑ "Personal Software Introduces Backgammon & Checkers Programs". Intelligent Machines Journal: pp. 10. January 21, 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=Lz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
  68. ↑ 1977 and 1978
  69. ↑ Maher, Jimmy (2011-12-20). California Pacific. The Digital Antiquarian.

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