1970s | 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979 |
1980s | 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 |
1990s | 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 |
2000s | 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009 |
2010s | 2010 · 2011 · 2012 · 2013 · 2014 2015 · 2016 · 2017 · 2018 · 2019 |
2020s | 2020 · 2021 · 2022 |
1980 saw the video game industry rapidly expand with the release of a number of influential games. Namco's Pac-Man expanded the arcade market to new audiences, while the Atari VCS (Atari 2600) port of Space Invaders revived and expanded the home console market.
The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide was Taito's Space Invaders for the third year in a row, including the arcade original and Atari VCS port, becoming the first killer app and the first video game to sell over a million units. The year's best‑selling home system was Nintendo's handheld Game & Watch.
Financial performance[]
Japan overtakes the United States as the leading developer of arcade video games, with Japanese games accounting for the largest share of the worldwide industry.[1][2][3] In the United States, the Atari VCS leads the home video game market with a 44% share.[4]
The following table lists the annual sales and revenue generated by the electronic games industry this year, including video games and electro‑mechanical games. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Industry | Products | Market | Unit sales (est.) |
Annual revenue (est.) | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation | |||||
Electronic games | United States | 23,674,400+ | $9,139,750,000 | $34,000,000,000 | ||
Japan | — | $3,498,800,000 | $13,000,000,000 | |||
Arcade games | Worldwide | 505,000+ | $12,510,000,000 | $46,000,000,000 | ||
Arcade | Arcade games | United States | 490,000+ | $7,500,000,000 | $28,000,000,000 | [5][6][7] |
Japan | — | $3,400,000,000 | $13,000,000,000 | [8][9][10] | ||
Arcade video games | United Kingdom | 15,000+ | $1,100,000,000 | $4,600,000,000 | [11][12][13] | |
Australia | — | $110,000,000 | $410,000,000 | [11] | ||
Other markets | — | $400,000,000 | $1,500,000,000 | |||
Electro‑mechanical games | Worldwide | 150,000+ | $2,500,000,000 | $9,200,000,000 | ||
Arcade | Electro‑mechanical games | United States | 150,000+ | $1,500,000,000 | $5,500,000,000 | [7][14][5] |
Japan | — | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | [15] | ||
Video games | Worldwide | 24,164,400+ | $11,753,550,000 | $43,000,000,000 | ||
Arcade | Arcade video games | United States | 340,000 | $6,000,000,000 | $22,000,000,000 | [6][16] |
Japan | — | $2,300,000,000 | $8,500,000,000 | [15] | ||
United Kingdom | 15,000 | $1,100,000,000 | $4,600,000,000 | [17] | ||
Australia | — | $110,000,000 | $410,000,000 | [11] | ||
Other markets | — | $400,000,000 | $1,500,000,000 | |||
Worldwide | 355,000+ | $9,910,000,000 | $37,000,000,000 | |||
Console | Video game consoles | United States | 2,200,000 | $493,000,000 | $1,800,000,000 | [6][18] |
United Kingdom | 125,000+ | $35,000,000 | $130,000,000 | [19][20] | ||
Anglosphere | 2,325,000+ | $528,000,000 | $2,000,000,000 | |||
Dedicated consoles | United States | 270,000 | $18,000,000 | $67,000,000 | ||
Cartridge consoles | United States | 1,650,000 | $475,000,000 | $1,800,000,000 | ||
United Kingdom | 125,000 | — | — | [20] | ||
Console game cartridges | United States | 9,600,000 | $141,400,000 | $520,000,000 | [21] | |
United Kingdom | 500,000 | $42,000,000 | $160,000,000 | [19][20] | ||
Console market | United States | 11,800,000 | $634,400,000 | $2,300,000,000 | ||
United Kingdom | 625,000 | $77,000,000 | $280,000,000 | [19][20] | ||
Anglosphere | 12,425,000 | $711,400,000 | $2,600,000,000 | |||
Handheld | Handheld games | United States | 11,207,000 | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | [22][6] |
Japan | — | $98,800,000 | $370,000,000 | [23] | ||
Handheld LCD games | United Kingdom | — | $28,000,000 | $104,000,000 | [19] | |
Handheld games | Worldwide | 11,207,000+ | $1,126,800,000 | $4,200,000,000 | ||
Computer | Computer games | United States | 177,400 | $5,350,000 | $20,000,000 | |
Video games | United States | 23,524,400 | $7,639,750,000 | $28,000,000,000 | ||
Japan | — | $2,398,800,000 | $8,900,000,000 | |||
United Kingdom | 640,000+ | $1,205,000,000 | $4,456,000,000 | |||
Electronic games | Worldwide | 24,314,400+ | $14,353,550,000 | $53,000,000,000 |
Highest-grossing games[]
The following titles were the highest-grossing electronic games worldwide in 1980, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games) across arcades and homes. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Rank | Title | Company | Worldwide revenue (est.) | Genre | Type | Platform | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation | ||||||
1 | Space Invaders [24] | Taito | $2,900,000,000 | $11,000,000,000 | Shmup | VG | Multi-platform |
2 | Galaxian | Namco | $1,500,000,000 | $5,500,000,000 | |||
3 | Pac-Man | Namco | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | Maze | VG | Arcade |
4 | Asteroids | Atari | $900,000,000 | $3,300,000,000 | Shmup | ||
5 | Firepower | Williams | $360,000,000 | $1,300,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
6 | Astro Fighter | Data East / Sega | $320,000,000 | $1,200,000,000 | Shmup | VG | |
7 | Crazy Climber | Nichibutsu | $300,000,000 | $1,100,000,000 | Platformer | ||
8 | Space Invaders Deluxe | Taito | $280,000,000 | $1,000,000,000 | Shmup | ||
9 | Monaco GP | Sega | $260,000,000 | $960,000,000 | Racing | ||
10 | Moon Cresta | Nichibutsu | $200,000,000 | $740,000,000 | Shmup | ||
11 | Missile Command | Atari | $110,000,000 | $410,000,000 | |||
12 | Gorgar | Williams | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
Rip Off | Cinematronics | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Shmup | VG | ||
Space Invaders | Bally | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Pinball | EM | ||
Tail Gunner | Cinematronics | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Shooter | VG | ||
16 | Piccadilly Circus | Konami | $90,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Medal | EM | |
Sheriff (Bandido) | Nintendo | $90,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shooter | VG | ||
18 | Atari Football | Atari | $83,000,000 | $310,000,000 | Sports | VG | Multi-platform |
19 | Cosmic Alien | Universal | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shmup | VG | Arcade |
Dual | Sega | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Action | |||
Flash | Williams | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Pinball | EM | ||
Space Wars | Cinematronics | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shooter | VG | ||
Star Fire | Exidy | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | ||||
Targ | Exidy | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Maze |
Highest-grossing arcade games[]
The following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games worldwide in 1980, including video games and electro-mechanical games. See sub-sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Rank | Title | Company | Worldwide revenue (est.) | Genre | Type | Generation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation | ||||||
1 | Space Invaders | Taito | $2,400,000,000 | $8,900,000,000 | Shmup | Video | 8-bit |
2 | Galaxian | Namco | $1,500,000,000 | $5,500,000,000 | |||
3 | Pac-Man [25] | Namco | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | Maze | ||
4 | Asteroids | Atari | $900,000,000 | $3,300,000,000 | Shmup | ||
5 | Firepower | Williams | $360,000,000 | $1,300,000,000 | Pinball | Electro-mechanical | |
6 | Astro Fighter | Data East / Sega | $320,000,000 | $1,200,000,000 | Shmup | Video | 8-bit |
7 | Crazy Climber | Nichibutsu | $300,000,000 | $1,100,000,000 | Platformer | ||
8 | Space Invaders Deluxe | Taito | $280,000,000 | $1,000,000,000 | Shmup | ||
9 | Monaco GP | Sega | $260,000,000 | $960,000,000 | Racing | Video | Discrete |
10 | Moon Cresta | Nichibutsu | $200,000,000 | $740,000,000 | Shmup | Video | 8-bit |
11 | Missile Command | Atari | $110,000,000 | $410,000,000 | |||
12 | Gorgar | Williams | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Pinball | Electro-mechanical | |
Rip Off | Cinematronics | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Shmup | Video | Discrete | |
Space Invaders | Bally | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Pinball | Electro-mechanical | ||
Tail Gunner | Cinematronics | $100,000,000 | $370,000,000 | Shooter | Video | Discrete | |
16 | Piccadilly Circus | Konami | $90,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Medal | Electro-mechanical | |
Sheriff (Bandido) | Nintendo | $90,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shooter | Video | 8-bit | |
18 | Atari Football | Atari | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Sports | Video | 8-bit |
Cosmic Alien | Universal | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shmup | |||
Dual | Sega | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Action | |||
Flash | Williams | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Pinball | Electro-mechanical | ||
Space Wars | Cinematronics | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shooter | Video | Discrete | |
Star Fire | Exidy | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Shooter | Video | 8-bit | |
Targ | Exidy | $80,000,000 | $300,000,000 | Maze | |||
25 | EVR Race | Nintendo | $67,000,000 | $250,000,000 | Medal | Electro-mechanical |
The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade games in various markets.
Market | Top game | Company | Cabinet sales | Gross revenue (est.) | Genre | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annual | Cume | Nominal | Inflation | Ref | ||||
Japan | Pac-Man | Namco | 100,000[26] | 100,000 | $800,000,000 | $3,000,000,000 | [27] | Maze |
United States | Asteroids | Atari | 46,565[28] | 56,565[29] | $900,000,000 | $3,300,000,000 | [30][31] | Shmup |
United Kingdom | Space Invaders | Taito | — | 85,000[13] | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | [32] | |
Australia | Space Invaders | Taito | — | 3,000+[33] | $110,000,000 | $410,000,000 | [34] | |
Other markets | Space Invaders | Taito | — | 150,000+[28] | $400,000,000 | $1,500,000,000 | [35] |
Japan[]
In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games in 1980. The list includes video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).
Rank | Title[36][37] | Company | Rankings[36] | Gross revenue (est.)[n 1] | Genre | Type | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | Points | ||||||
1 | Pac-Man | Namco | 62 | 46 | 17 | 295 | $800,000,000 | Maze | VG |
2 | Galaxian | Namco | 44 | 25 | 18 | 200 | $560,000,000 | Shmup | |
3 | Crazy Climber | Nichibutsu | 14 | 19 | 30 | 110 | $300,000,000 | Platform | |
4 | Moon Cresta | Nichibutsu | 3 | 24 | 15 | 72 | $200,000,000 | Shmup | |
5 | Monaco GP | Sega | 11 | 4 | 11 | 52 | $160,000,000 | Racing | |
6 | Piccadilly Circus [38] | Konami | 5 | 8 | 1 | 32 | $90,000,000 | Medal | EM |
7 | EVR Race | Nintendo | 5 | 4 | 1 | 24 | $67,000,000 | ||
8 | Rally-X | Namco | 1 | 6 | 3 | 18 | $50,000,000 | Driving | VG |
9 | Harness Race | Sega | 4 | 1 | 3 | 17 | $48,000,000 | Medal | EM |
TV Poker[n 2] | Sigma[n 3] | 4 | 2 | 1 | 17 | $48,000,000 | |||
11 | Kunitori Gassen [38] | Konami | 4 | 1 | 2 | 16 | $45,000,000 | ||
12 | Heiankyo Alien | Denki Onkyō | 1 | 4 | 4 | 15 | $42,000,000 | Maze | VG |
13 | Crane | Sega | 3 | 1 | 2 | 13 | $36,000,000 | Crane | EM |
14 | PT Reach Mahjong | Irem | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | $34,000,000 | Medal | |
15 | Pitch In | Namco | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | $20,000,000 | Sports | |
EVR Basketball | Nintendo | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | $20,000,000 | Medal | ||
Black Jack | Sega | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 | $20,000,000 | |||
18 | Super Speed Race | Taito | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | $17,000,000 | Racing | VG |
Astro Zone | Taito | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | $17,000,000 | Shooter | ||
Janken Game | Konami | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | $17,000,000 | Medal | EM | |
Faro / Faro II | Sega | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | $17,000,000 | |||
The Derby | Sigma[n 4] | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | $17,000,000 | |||
23 | Space Invaders | Taito | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | $14,000,000 | Shmup | VG |
Sasuke vs. Commander | SNK | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | $14,000,000 | Shooter | ||
TV Slot[n 5] | Sigma[n 6] | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | $14,000,000 | Medal | EM | |
Kentucky Derby | Universal | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | $14,000,000 | |||
Winners Circle[n 7] | Sigma[n 8] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | $14,000,000 | |||
Missile Command | Sega | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | $14,000,000 | Shmup | VG | |
29 | Space Firebird | Nintendo | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | $11,000,000 | Action | VG |
Shoot Away | Namco | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | $11,000,000 | FPS | EM | |
King of Kings | Universal | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | $11,000,000 | Medal | ||
32 | Moon Alien | Nichibutsu | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | $8,000,000 | Shmup | VG |
Space Tactics | Sega | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | $8,000,000 | FPS | ||
Space Panic | Universal | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | $8,000,000 | Platform | ||
Radar Scope | Nintendo | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | $8,000,000 | TPS | ||
Sekai Senryaku[n 9] | Leijac | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | $8,000,000 | Medal | EM | |
Le Mans 24[n 10] | Leijac | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | $8,000,000 | |||
Piccadilly Queen[n 11] | Leijac | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | $8,000,000 | |||
Big & Small | Universal | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | $8,000,000 | |||
The Great Ocean Cup | Ketsu Shoji | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | $8,000,000 | |||
41 | Tranquilizer Gun | Sega | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Shooter | VG |
N-Sub | Sega | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Shmup | ||
Polaris | Taito | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | |||
Clay Champ | Namco | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | FPS | EM | |
Deep Scan | Sega | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Shooter | VG | |
Mogura Taiji | TOGO | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Mole | EM | |
The End | Konami | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Shmup | VG | |
New York New York | Sigma[n 12] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | |||
Super Star | Universal | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | Medal | EM | |
Super Machine | Universal | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | $6,000,000 | |||
51 | Crazy Balloon | Taito | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Maze | VG |
Phoenix | Taito | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Shmup | ||
Astro Fighter | Data East | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | |||
Manhattan | Data East | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Platform | ||
Submarine | Namco | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | FPS | EM | |
Kero Kero Pakkun[n 13] | Komaya | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Action | ||
Dai Ressha Aoi[n 14] | Kasco | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Sim | ||
Punto Banko | Sega | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Medal | ||
Pachipot 100[n 15] | Apollo[n 16] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | |||
Asteroids | Taito | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | $3,000,000 | Shmup | VG | |
Market | 197 | 197 | 197 | 1,182 | $3,400,000,000[8] | ||||
Video games | 822 | $2,300,000,000 | |||||||
EM games | 360 | $1,000,000,000 |
United States[]
In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1980. The list includes video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).
Rank | Title[39][40] | Company | Cabinet sales | Gross revenue (est.)[41] | Genre | Type | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annual | Cume | Gross | Ref | |||||
1 | Asteroids | Atari | 46,565[28] | 56,565[29] | $900,000,000 | [30][31] | Shmup | VG |
2 | Galaxian | Namco | 45,000[42] | 45,000 | $900,000,000 | [43][44] | ||
3 | Space Invaders | Taito | 6,000[28] | 72,000[42] | $900,000,000 | [45][44] | ||
4 | Firepower | Williams | 17,410 | 17,410[46] | $360,000,000 | [47] | Pinball | EM |
5 | Astro Fighter | Sega | — | — | $280,000,000 | Shmup | VG | |
6 | Space Invaders Deluxe | Taito | 12,000 | 12,000[48] | $280,000,000 | [49][44] | ||
7 | Pac-Man | Namco | 20,000[50] | 20,000 | $160,000,000 | [51][44] | Maze | |
8 | Gorgar | Williams | — | 14,000[52] | $100,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
9 | Space Invaders | Bally | 11,400 | 11,400[53] | $100,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
Rip Off | Cinematronics | — | — | $100,000,000 | Shmup | VG | ||
11 | Monaco GP | Sega | — | — | $100,000,000 | Racing | VG | |
12 | Tail Gunner | Cinematronics | — | — | $100,000,000 | Shooter | ||
13 | Missile Command | Atari | 18,549 | 18,549[29] | $100,000,000 | [29][44] | Shmup | |
14 | Flash | Williams | — | 19,505[54] | $80,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
15 | Atari Football | Atari | — | 11,306[29] | $80,000,000 | Sports | VG | |
16 | Targ | Exidy | — | — | $80,000,000 | Maze | ||
17 | Dual | Sega | — | — | $80,000,000 | Action | ||
18 | Star Fire | Exidy | — | — | $80,000,000 | Shooter | ||
19 | Space Wars | Cinematronics | — | 10,000[55] | $80,000,000 | |||
20 | Cosmic Alien | Universal | 10,000 | 10,000[48] | $80,000,000 | [49] | Shmup | |
21 | Bandido (Sheriff) | Nintendo | — | — | $50,000,000 | Shooter | ||
22 | Sprint II | Atari | — | 8,200[29] | $50,000,000 | [44] | Racing | |
23 | Lunar Lander | Atari | — | 4,830[29] | $30,000,000 | [44] | Lander | |
24 | Carnival | Sega | — | — | $30,000,000 | Shmup | ||
25 | Moon Alien | Nichibutsu | — | — | $30,000,000 | |||
26 | Meteor | Stern | 423[56] | 8,362[56] | $30,000,000 | Pinball | EM | |
27 | Silverball Mania | Stern | 7,000 | 7,000[57] | $30,000,000 | [7] | ||
28 | Galaxy | Stern | 5,130[56] | 5,130 | $20,000,000 | |||
29 | Stellar Wars | Williams | — | 5,503[58] | $18,000,000 | |||
30 | Radar Scope | Nintendo | 1,000 | 1,000 | $10,000,000 | [59][60] | TPS | VG |
Big Game | Stern | 2,713[56] | 2,713 | $10,000,000 | Pinball | EM |
United Kingdom[]
Rank | Title | Company | Cabinet sales | Gross revenue (est.) | Genre | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annual | Cume | Nominal | Inflation | Ref | ||||
1 | Space Invaders | Taito | — | 85,000[13] | $1,000,000,000 | $3,700,000,000 | [32] | Shmup |
2 | Astro Fighter | Data East | 4,000[2] | 4,000 | $40,000,000 | $150,000,000 | [61] | Shmup |
Sheriff | Nintendo | 4,000[2] | 4,000 | $40,000,000 | $150,000,000 | [61] | Shooter | |
4 | Space Intruders | Subelectro | — | 2,500[61] | $20,000,000 | $67,000,000 | [61] | Shmup |
5 | Space Firebird | Nintendo | 200[2] | 200 | $2,000,000 | $7,000,000 | [61] | |
Arcade video games | 15,000[12][13] | 100,000[12] | $1,100,000,000 | $4,600,000,000 |
Best-selling home systems[]
Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Game & Watch | Nintendo | Handheld | 4-bit | 2,750,000 | [62] |
2 | Atari VCS (Atari 2600) | Atari, Inc. | Console | Second | 1,250,000 | [63] |
3 | TRS-80 | Tandy | Computer | 8-bit | 290,000 | [64] |
4 | Intellivision | Mattel | Console | Second | 200,000 | [63][65] |
5 | Atari 400 / Atari 800 | Atari, Inc. | Computer | 8-bit | 200,000 | [64] |
6 | Commodore PET | Commodore | Computer | 8-bit | 90,000 | |
7 | Apple II | Apple Inc. | Computer | 8-bit | 79,500 | [66] |
8 | HP 9800 / HP series 80 | Hewlett-Packard | Computer | 8-bit | 11,300 | |
9 | North Star Horizon | North Star | Computer | 8-bit | 8,200 | |
10 | TI-99/4 | TI | Computer | 8-bit | 8,100 | |
Annual sales | ||||||
Video game consoles | Console | 2,200,000 | [6] | |||
Personal computers | Computer | 724,000 | [64] |
Best-selling home video games[]
The following titles were the best-selling home video games in 1980.
Rank | Title | Platform | Company | Sales (est.) | Gross revenue (est.) | Genre | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation | |||||||
1 | Space Invaders | Multi-platform | Taito | 1,448,655 | $50,200,000 | $190,000,000 | Shmup | |
2 | Vermin | Game & Watch | Nintendo | 1,000,000 | $60,000,000 | $220,000,000 | Action | [62] |
3 | Fire (Fireman) | Game & Watch | Nintendo | 1,000,000 | $45,000,000 | $170,000,000 | ||
4 | Combat | Atari VCS | Atari | 1,000,000 | $20,000,000 | $74,000,000 | Shooter | [63][67] |
5 | Breakout | Atari VCS | Atari | 256,265 | $6,000,000 | $22,000,000 | Block | [68][69] |
6 | Ball (Toss-Up) | Game & Watch | Nintendo | 250,000 | $13,000,000 | $48,000,000 | Action | [62] |
7 | Flagman (Flag Man) | Game & Watch | Nintendo | 250,000 | $11,000,000 | $41,000,000 | ||
Judge | Game & Watch | Nintendo | 250,000 | $11,000,000 | $41,000,000 | |||
9 | Atari Football | Atari VCS | Atari | 248,502 | $3,200,000 | $12,000,000 | Sports | [68][69] |
10 | Bowling | Atari VCS | Atari | 245,670 | $5,600,000 | $21,000,000 |
United States[]
In the United States, the following titles were the year's best-selling home video games, excluding dedicated handheld games.
Rank | Title | Platform(s) | Developer | Sales (est.) | Revenue (est.) | Genre | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Space Invaders | Multi-platform | Taito | 1,448,655 | $50,200,000 | Shmup | |
— | Space Invaders | Atari VCS | Taito | 1,443,655 | $50,000,000 | Shmup | [68][70][69] |
Super Invader | Apple II | M. Hata | 5,000 | $200,000 | Shmup | ||
2 | Combat | Atari VCS | Atari | 1,000,000 | $20,000,000 | Shooter | [63][67] |
3 | Breakout | Atari VCS | Atari | 256,265 | $6,000,000 | Block | [68][69] |
4 | Atari Football | Atari VCS | Atari | 248,502 | $3,200,000 | Sports | [68][69] |
5 | Bowling | Atari VCS | Atari | 245,670 | $5,600,000 | ||
6 | Las Vegas Poker & Blackjack | Intellivision | Mattel | 200,000 | — | Card | [71][63][65] |
7 | Night Driver | Atari VCS | Atari | 161,352 | $4,300,000 | Racing | [68][69] |
8 | Air-Sea Battle | Atari VCS | Atari | 160,093 | $3,700,000 | Shooter | [68][69] |
9 | Circus Atari | Atari VCS | Atari | 148,756 | $4,000,000 | Action | [68][69] |
10 | Sea Battle | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $4,000,000 | Strategy | [72][69] |
11 | Major League Baseball | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Sports | [73][69] |
NFL Football | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Sports | ||
Space Battle | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Shmup | [74][69] | |
Armor Battle | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Shooter | [72][69] | |
Auto Racing | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Racing | [73][69] | |
NBA Basketball | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Sports | [73][69] | |
Boxing | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Boxing | ||
U.S. Ski Team Skiing | Intellivision | Mattel | 100,000 | $3,000,000 | Sports | ||
19 | Street Racer | Atari VCS | Atari | 89,269 | $1,200,000 | Racing | [68][69] |
20 | Video Olympics | Atari VCS | Atari | 36,028 | $800,000 | Sports |
Apple II[]
The following titles were the best-selling Apple II computer games in 1980. Points represent US software sales on Softalk charts.[75]
Rank | Title | Developer | Points [75] |
Sales (est.) [n 17][75][76] |
Revenue (est.) [n 18][77][78] |
Genre | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Flight Simulator | SubLogic | 312.55 | 16,000 | $500,000 | Flight sim | [77] |
2 | Galaxian | Namco | 254.56 | 15,000 | $500,000 | Shmup | |
— | Star Cruiser (Galaxian) | Nasir Gebelli | 157.34 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Shmup | [79] |
Alien Rain (Apple Galaxian) | Tony Suzuki | 97.22 | 5,000 | $200,000 | Shmup | [80][78] | |
3 | Wizard and the Princess | On-Line Systems | 247.90 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Adventure | [76][81] |
4 | Bill Budge's Space Album | Bill Budge | 217.64 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Shmup | |
5 | Sargon II | Hayden Software | 202.98 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Chess | |
6 | Asteroids in Space | Quality Software | 194.14 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Shmup | |
7 | Mystery House | On-Line Systems | 124.08 | 10,000 | $300,000 | Adventure | [82] |
8 | Odyssey | Synergistic | 169.71 | 8,000 | $200,000 | RPG | |
9 | Super Invader | M. Hata / Taito | 150.47 | 8,000 | $200,000 | Shmup | [83][84][85] |
10 | Adventure | Microsoft | 143.49 | 7,000 | $200,000 | Adventure | |
11 | Temple of Apshai | Automated | 138.91 | 7,000 | $200,000 | RPG | [83][86][87] |
12 | Rescue at Rigel | Automated | 111.98 | 6,000 | $200,000 | RPG | |
13 | Dogfight | Bill Basham | 108.88 | 5,000 | $200,000 | Shmup | |
14 | Hellfire Warrior | Automated | 95.58 | 5,000 | $200,000 | RPG | |
15 | Computer Quarterback | SSI | 85.08 | 4,000 | $100,000 | Sports | |
16 | Morloc's Tower | Automated | 83.96 | 4,000 | $100,000 | Adventure | |
17 | Cyber Strike | Nasir Gebelli | 82.16 | 4,000 | $100,000 | FPS | |
18 | Wilderness Campaign | Synergistic | 73.63 | 4,000 | $100,000 | RPG | |
19 | Akalabeth: World of Doom | California Pacific | 22.12 | 3,000 | $100,000 | RPG | [88][84] |
20 | Hi-Res Football | On-Line Systems | 69.48 | 3,000 | $90,000 | Sports | |
21 | Head On | M. Hata / Sega | 63.94 | 3,000 | $90,000 | Driving | |
22 | Computer Bismarck | SSI | 60.61 | 3,000 | $90,000 | Strategy | |
23 | Datestones of Ryn | Automated | 60.31 | 3,000 | $90,000 | RPG | |
24 | Galactic Empire | Broderbund | 51.79 | 3,000 | $90,000 | Strategy | |
25 | Planetoids (Asteroids) | Adventure | 50.89 | 3,000 | $90,000 | Shmup | |
26 | Computer Ambush | SSI | 49.17 | 2,000 | $60,000 | Strategy | |
27 | Bill Budge's Trilogy | California Pacific | 44.38 | 2,000 | $60,000 | Arcade | |
28 | Galactic Revolution | Broderbund | 37.17 | 2,000 | $60,000 | Strategy | |
29 | Gammon Gambler | Personal Software | 31.88 | 2,000 | $60,000 | Board | |
30 | Scot Adams Adventures | Adventure | 31.25 | 2,000 | $60,000 | Adventure | |
31 | Tuesday Night Football | Shoestring | 28.44 | 1,000 | $30,000 | Sports | |
32 | Tranquility Base | Stoneware | 24.06 | 1,000 | $30,000 | Space | |
33 | ABM | MUSE | 23.15 | 1,000 | $30,000 | Shmup | |
34 | B-1 Nuclear Bomber | Avalon Hill | 21.02 | 1,000 | $30,000 | ||
35 | Galactic Trader | Broderbund | 20.24 | 1,000 | $30,000 | ||
36 | Cosmos Mission | Astar International | 19.99 | 1,000 | $30,000 | ||
37 | Midway Campaign | Avalon Hill | 17.43 | 900 | $30,000 | ||
38 | Ghost Town: Adventure #9 | Adventure | 17.26 | 900 | $30,000 | ||
39 | Apple Adventure | Apple Computer | 16.60 | 800 | $20,000 | ||
40 | Planet Miners | Avalon Hill | 15.67 | 800 | $20,000 | ||
Annual | 3,574.55 | 177,400 | $5,350,000 |
Notes[]
- ↑ 1,182 points[36] equivalent to $3.4 billion[8] = $2.8 million per point (est.)
- ↑ TV ポー カー TV Pōkā
- ↑ シグマ Shiguma
- ↑ シグマ Shiguma
- ↑ T V スロット TV Surotto
- ↑ シグマ Shiguma
- ↑ ウイナーズ サーク ル Uināzu Sākuru
- ↑ シグマ Shiguma
- ↑ 世界戦略WORLD WAR Sekai Senryaku World War, "World Strategy: World War"
- ↑ ル・マン24
- ↑ ���カデリークイーン
- ↑ シグマ Shiguma
- ↑ ケロケロパックン
- ↑ 大列車葵撃 Dai Ressha Aoi Geki, "Great Train Aoi Geki"
- ↑ パチポット100 Pachipotto 100
- ↑ アポロ Aporo
- ↑ 97.22 points equivalent to 5,000 units (Apple Galaxian in December 1980) = 50 units per point (est.)
- ↑ Average price: $30
References[]
- ↑ "Pinballs make a comeback — on microchip: The United States strives to displace Japan as the supplier of the most popular video games". The Sydney Morning Herald: p. 18. 23 April 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMJWAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Meades, Alan (2022-10-25). "Copyright Defenders and the British Videogame Crash". Arcade Britannia: A Social History of the British Amusement Arcade. The MIT Press. pp. 145-68. ISBN 978-0-262-37234-3. https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/chapter-pdf/2086418/c004600_9780262372343.pdf.
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/coin-slot-location-1980-autumn/Coin%20Slot%20Location%20-%20Volume%201%20Issue%201%20-%20Autumn%201980/page/n50
- ↑ Lindner, Richard (1990). Video Games: Past, Present and Future; An Industry Overview. United States: Nintendo of America. https://archive.org/details/06Kahle001551.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Video game craze results in new arcades". St. Joseph Gazette: p. 7A. 27 July 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=sfFeAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7article_id=1273,3898545.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Video Game Sales: 1972-1999. Gaming Alexandria (June 7, 2021).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Video games entice players of all types, ages". The Bryan Times: p. 19. 3 August 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=n7BPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA31&article_id=6404,3220185.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Star invaders: Space invaders turn on Japanese to delights in inter-galactic war". The Financial Post (Canada): p. S8. 6 October 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=4GI_AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA52.
- ↑ Watkins, Ralph (1984). A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Video Game Industry: Report on Investigation No. 332-160 Under Section 332(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930. U.S. International Trade Commission. pp. 30-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=-38XdacYD6QC&pg=PA30.
- ↑ Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry. Springer Nature. pp. 21-2, 62, 65. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 See Highest-grossing arcade games section
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Video nightmare: games may harm children, some officials say". Park City Daily News: p. 3-C. 6 May 1983. https://books.google.com/books?id=EjUqAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA26&article_id=5092,1590036.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "After Pong". ACE (6): 29-32 (29). 4 February 1988. March 1988. https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n28/mode/1up.
- ↑ See United States section
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 See Japan section
- ↑ Mark Stephen Pierce (Atari Games) (1998). "Coin-Op: The Life (Arcade Videogames)". Digital illusion: entertaining the future with high technology. ACM Press. p. 444. ISBN 0-201-84780-9. https://archive.org/details/digitalillusion00clar/page/444.
- ↑ See United Kingdom section
- ↑ "Billboard Debuts Vid Games Chart". Billboard: 3. 1982-09-11. https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1982/BB-1982-09-11.pdf#page=3.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "Market size and market shares". Video Games: A Report on the Supply of Video Games in the UK. United Kingdom: Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC), H.M. Stationery Office. April 1995. pp. 66 to 68. ISBN 978-0-10-127812-6.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "Technology: The games that aliens play". New Scientist (Reed Business Information) 88 (1232–1233): 782. 18 December 1980. ISSN 0262-4079. https://books.google.com/books?id=ainC3-wuz_kC&pg=PA782.
- ↑ Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985. U.S. Government Printing Office. December 1984. pp. 229. https://books.google.com/books?id=iXFqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA229.
- ↑ Watkins, Ralph (1984). A Competitive Assessment of the U.S. Video Game Industry: Report on Investigation No. 332-160 Under Section 332(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930. U.S. International Trade Commission. pp. 48-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=-38XdacYD6QC&pg=PA48.
- ↑ Focus Japan. Japan External Trade Organization. 1983. p. 5. https://books.google.com/books?id=-HsTG096xEkC. "Notable were the large number of electronic items using LSIs, such as the handheld LSI games, which had recorded sales of ¥24 billion (US$98.8 million) in 1980, ¥28 billion (US$115.3 million) in 1981 and ¥125 billion (US$514.7 million ) in 1982."
- ↑ Pellegrino, Charles R.; Stoff, Jesse A. (1983). Darwin's Universe: Origins and Crises in the History of Life. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-442-27526-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=-qEhAAAAMAAJ. "In 1980, we Americans spent 2.9 billion dollars on one of the Space program's most celebrated spinoffs: Space Invaders."
- ↑ Kline, Stephen; Nick Dyer-Witheford, Greig de Peuter (2003). Digital play: the interaction of technology, culture, and marketing (Reprint ed.). Montréal, Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 96. ISBN 0-7735-2591-2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gw5V10iLEsUC&pg=PA96. Retrieved 25 February 2012. "The game produced one billion dollars in 1980 alone"
- ↑ Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (21 August 2012). Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time. CRC Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-136-13758-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=mKF5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA181. "It was all Midway could do to keep up with the demand for the quarter-munching machines, churning out a hundred thousand of them in 1980 (three times that number were produced over the next seven years)."
- ↑ See Japan section
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 1979
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 Product: Total Build. Atari Games. 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Forbes". Forbes 127: 102. 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=6y68AAAAIAAJ&q=%22At+$2000+a+unit,+Atari+has+made+about+$140+million+from+that+game+alone%22. "At $2000 a unit, Atari has made about $140 million from that game alone."
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Kubey, Craig (1982). The Winners' Book of Video Games. New York: Warner Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-446-37115-5. https://archive.org/details/Winners_Book_of_Video_Games/page/n29.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Ten-Minute Rule Bill," The Times, 21 May 1981, p. 11
- ↑ "Hooked on Space Invaders". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 September 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=vQFkAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9&article_id=2831,2830780.
- ↑ "Pinballs make a comeback — on microchip: The United States strives to displace Japan as the supplier of the most popular video games". The Sydney Morning Herald: p. 18. 23 April 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=aMJWAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27.
- ↑ Andrews, Bea (November 1, 1981). "Video games: The quarters roll in...". The Day: p. C-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=YgMhAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA18&article_id=1604,161760.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 "ベストスリー 本紙調査 (調査対象1980年) 〜 アーケードゲーム機 [Best Three Book Survey (Survey Target 1980) ~ Arcade Game Machines]". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (159): 2. 15 February 1981. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19810215p.pdf#page=2.
- ↑ ""Donkey Kong" No.1 Of '81 — Game Machine's Survey Of "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" —". Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc.) (182): 30. 15 February 1982. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19820215p.pdf#page=16.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 https://www.konami.com/corporate/ja/history/product.html
- ↑ "The Winners of '80". Play Meter 6 (21): 30. November 15, 1980. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-6-number-21-november-15th-1980/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%206%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201980/page/30.
- ↑ "1980 Jukebox/Games Route Survey". Cash Box: AMOA-28. November 1, 1980. https://retrocdn.net/images/c/c4/CashBox_US_1980-11-01.pdf#page=54.
- ↑ "Play Meter Survey Results: Videos sweep to big gains in 1980". Play Meter 6 (21): 24-30. November 15, 1980. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-6-number-21-november-15th-1980/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%206%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201980/page/24/mode/2up.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Stone, Andrea (December 1982). "The House That Pac Built: Midway Manufacturing is king of the coin-op hill and loving it!". Video Games (Pumpkin Press) 1 (3): 53-55 (54). https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Volume_1_Number_03_1982-12_Pumpkin_Press_US/page/n53.
- ↑ Midway Mfg. Co. v. Bandai-America, Inc., 546 F. Supp. 125. Casetext (July 22, 1982).
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 44.6 "What's new in games". The Pizza Times 2 (1): p. 3. May 1980. https://showbizpizza.com/info/documents/ptt/ptt_pizzatimes-1980.pdf#page=3.
- ↑ Miller, Richard W. (1982). Study Guide for Irving M. Copi's Introduction to Logic, Sixth Edition. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-381180-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=HzIQAQAAIAAJ. "Space-Invaders-type game into which Americans stuffed over 4 billion quarters during 1980"
- ↑ Firepower. Internet Pinball Machine Database.
- ↑ https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1980/CB-1980-12-06.pdf#page=42
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 KLOV Arcade Serial Numbers. Killer List of Videogames (2014).
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 "His Space Invaders Get Used". The Hour: pp. 13-4. January 31, 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=eJ40AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7.
- ↑ "Chomp! Chomp! This Video Game Gobbles Market: Pac-Man". The Pittsburgh Press (United States): p. H. 21 March 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=FNgcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA59&article_id=6291,1995071.
- ↑ "Pac-Man fiends flaunt their fever". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: p. 18. 3 April 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=rNlaAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA22.
- ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1062
- ↑ Bally 'Space Invaders'. Internet Pinball Machine Database.
- ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=871
- ↑ Bloom, Steve (1982). Video Invaders. Arco Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-668-05520-8. https://archive.org/details/book_video_invaders/page/n38.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Stern Production Numbers and More CCI Photos (1 May 2012). Archived from the original on 2012-05-04.
- ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2156
- ↑ https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2372
- ↑ IGN Presents: The History of Super Mario Bros. IGN (14 September 2010).
- ↑ "【任天堂「ファミコン」はこうして生まれた】 第6回:業務用ゲーム機の挫折をバネにファミコンの実現に挑む [How the Famicom Was Born – Part 6: Making the Famicom a Reality]" (in Japanese). Nikkei Electronics (Nikkei Business Publications). September 12, 1994. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081006082447/trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/special/20081001/1019315/.
- Making the Famicom a Reality. GlitterBerri's Game Translations (March 28, 2012). Archived from the original on 2012-05-05.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 Durham, Tony. “Space-age pirates in a battle of wits.” Sunday Times, 16 March 1980, p. 63
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Game & Watch
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 Greenberg, Jonathan (April 13, 1981). "Japanese invaders: Move over Asteroids and Defenders, the next adversary in the electronic video game wars may be even tougher to beat". Forbes 127 (8): 98, 102. https://jonathangreenberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Japanese-Invaders-April-13-1981.pdf.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Reimer, Jeremy (2005-12-15). Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures. Ars Technica.
- Jeremy Reimer (2012-12-07). Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2010. Jeremy Reimer.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Bloom, Steve (1982). "The Next Step". Video Invaders. Arco Pub.. pp. 107-109 (108). ISBN 978-0-668-05518-5. https://www.digitpress.com/library/books/book_video_invaders.pdf#page=129.
- ↑ Pollack, Andrew (1981-08-13). "Big I.B.M.'s Little Computer" (in en-US). The New York Times 130 (45,039): p. D1. ISSN 0362-4331. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/E8m13tZXIAQQbki.jpg.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk80AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA74
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 68.6 68.7 68.8 Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Atari_Sales.png. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. No. 4. 23 minutes in.
- ↑ 69.00 69.01 69.02 69.03 69.04 69.05 69.06 69.07 69.08 69.09 69.10 69.11 69.12 69.13 69.14 "Software Report Card". Video Games Player (United States: Carnegie Publications) 1 (1): 62–3. September 1982. https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Player_Vol_1_No_1_1982-09_Carnegie_Publications_US/page/n61/mode/2up.
- ↑ "Technology: The games that aliens play". New Scientist (Reed Business Information) 88 (1232–1233): 782. 18 December 1980. ISSN 0262-4079. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20211202182335/books.google.com/books?id=ainC3-wuz_kC&pg=PA782#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- ↑ Las Vegas Poker & Blackjack: Stats & Credits. Intellivision Lives! (CD PC/Mac), Intellivision Productions. 1998. https://youtu.be/dIublbI-QUU?t=2065.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Action Network. Intellivision Lives! (CD PC/Mac). Intellivision Productions. 1998.
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Sports Network. Intellivision Lives! (CD PC/Mac). Intellivision Productions. 1998.
- ↑ Space Action Network. Intellivision Lives! (CD PC/Mac). Intellivision Productions. 1998.
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 Softalk Magazine: Top 30 List Dataset.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 "List of Top Sellers". Computer Gaming World 2 (5): 2. September–October 1982. http://pdf.textfiles.com/zines/CGW/1982_0910_issue6.pdf#page=4.
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Everyone's Guide to Personal Computers. 1983. p. 172. https://books.google.com/books?id=w5JSNPOHexkC&q=%22Price+Range+:+%24+30%22. "Flight Simulator (...) Vendor: subLOGIC (...) Price Range: $30 to $35"
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 The Book of Apple Computer Software. 1981. p. 316. https://books.google.com/books?id=aupQAAAAMAAJ. "APPLE GALAXIAN (...) Sugg. Retail: $24.95"
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfNLAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Star+Cruiser%22
- ↑ Apple Galaxian, that vital Japanese connection (October 15, 2023).
- ↑ Bowker's Complete Sourcebook of Personal Computing, 1985. R.R. Bowker Company. 1984. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-8352-1931-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=auC6AAAAIAAJ. "Wizard & Princess. Price info. (...) disk $29.95"
- ↑ Lynch, Dennis (May 26, 1989). "Sierra disks offer epic adventures". Chicago Tribune: p. 170. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90910838/chicago-tribune/. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 "List of Top Sellers". Computer Gaming World 2 (5): 2. September–October 1982. http://pdf.textfiles.com/zines/CGW/1982_0910_issue6.pdf#page=4.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 Akalabeth Insert. California Pacific.
- ↑ Tommervik, Al, ed. (April 1981). "Super Invader is Readers' Choice". Softalk (North Hollywood, CA: Softalk Publishing Inc.) 1 (8): 13. https://archive.org/details/softalkv1n08apr1981/page/13.
- ↑ Paul Freiverger, "This Company Is Serious About Games", InfoWorld, 11 May 1981, p. 10
- ↑ "Upper Reaches of Apshai". PC Magazine: 163. November 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=vy3cBZkjbZgC&pg=RA2-PA163.
- ↑ Maher, Jimmy (2011-12-20). California Pacific. The Digital Antiquarian.