In 1979, the arcade golden age entered its peak years, setting new records for the arcade game industry . However, the home console market was still stagnating after the 1977 crash, which it would recover from with the Atari VCS port of Space Invaders in 1980 .
The year's highest-grossing video game was Taito 's arcade blockbuster Space Invaders for the second year in a row. The year's best-selling home system was the Nintendo 's Color TV Block Kuzushi , while the best-selling handheld electronic game was Atari 's LED title Touch Me .
Financial performance [ ]
The following table lists the annual sales and revenue generated by the electronic games industry this year, including video games and electro‑mechanical games . See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Industry
Products
Market
Unit sales
Annual revenue (est. )
Ref
Nominal
Inflation
Electronic games
United States
20,956,700
$4,150,000,000
$17,000,000,000
Japan
800,000+
$3,431,000,000
$14,000,000,000
Handheld
Handheld electronic games
United States
15,000,000
$375,000,000
$1,600,000,000
[1]
Arcade games
Worldwide
980,300+
$8,195,000,000
$34,000,000,000
Arcade
Arcade games
United States
306,700
$3,445,000,000
$14,000,000,000
Japan
300,000+
$3,400,000,000
$14,000,000,000
[2] [3] [4]
Spain
100,000+
—
—
[5]
Arcade video games
United Kingdom
80,600+
$720,000,000
$3,000,000,000
[6]
Sydney
—
$50,000,000
$210,000,000
[7]
Other markets
193,000+
$580,000,000
$2,400,000,000
Electro‑mechanical games
Worldwide
200,000+
$3,000,000,000
$13,000,000,000
Arcade
Electro‑mechanical games
United States
200,000
$2,300,000,000
$9,700,000,000
[8]
Japan
—
$700,000,000
$2,900,000,000
[9]
Video games
Worldwide
6,930,300+
$5,456,000,000
$23,000,000,000
Arcade
Arcade video games
Japan
300,000+
$2,600,000,000
$11,000,000,000
[9] [2] [10]
United States
106,700
$1,145,000,000
$4,800,000,000
[1] [11]
United Kingdom
80,600+
$720,000,000
$3,000,000,000
[6]
Spain
100,000+
—
—
[5]
Sydney
—
$50,000,000 +
$210,000,000 +
[7]
Other markets
193,000+
$580,000,000 +
$2,400,000,000 +
Worldwide
780,300+
$5,095,000,000
$21,000,000,000
Console
Video game consoles
United States
1,550,000
$233,000,000
$980,000,000
[1]
Worldwide
2,050,000
$264,000,000
$1,100,000,000
Dedicated consoles
Japan
500,000
$31,000,000
$130,000,000
[12]
United States
800,000
$48,000,000
$160,000,000
[1]
Worldwide
1,300,000
$79,000,000
$330,000,000
Cartridge consoles
United States
750,000
$185,000,000
$780,000,000
[1]
Console game cartridges
United States
4,100,000
$53,900,000
$230,000,000
[11]
Console market
United States
5,650,000
$330,000,000
$1,400,000,000
[1] [13]
Worldwide
6,150,000
$361,000,000
$1,500,000,000
Video games
Japan
800,000+
$2,631,000,000
$11,000,000,000
United States
5,756,700
$1,475,000,000
$6,200,000,000
Electronic games
Worldwide
22,130,300+
$8,931,000,000
$37,000,000,000
Highest-grossing games [ ]
Space Invaders was the top-grossing video game worldwide in 1979.[2] The following table lists the highest-grossing electronic games worldwide in 1979, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games) across arcades and homes. See sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Rank
Title
Company
Worldwide revenue (est. )
Genre
Type
Platform
Nominal
Inflation
1
Space Invaders
Taito
$3,930,000,000
$16,000,000,000
Shmup
VG
Arcade
2
Galaxian
Namco
$250,000,000
$1,000,000,000
3
Monaco GP
Sega
$230,000,000
$970,000,000
Racing
4
IPM Invader [14] [15]
IPM (Irem)
$200,000,000
$840,000,000
Shmup
5
Head On
Sega
$110,000,000
$460,000,000
Maze
6
Super Speed Race V
Taito
$68,000,000
$290,000,000
Racing
VG
Piccadilly Circus
Konami
$68,000,000
$290,000,000
Medal
EM
8
EVR Race
Nintendo
$48,000,000
$200,000,000
Medal
EM
9
Harness Race
Sega
$36,000,000
$150,000,000
10
Kentucky Derby
Universal
$32,000,000
$130,000,000
11
Color TV Block Kuzushi
Nintendo
$31,000,000
$130,000,000
Sports
VG
Console
12
Speed Race CL-5
Taito
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Racing
VG
Arcade
Space Chaser
Taito
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Maze
Special Dual
Sega
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Action
Space Stranger
Hoei
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Shmup
TV Poker [n 1]
Sigma [n 2]
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Medal
EM
17
Space Intruders
Subelectro
$23,000,000
$97,000,000
Shmup
VG
18
Heiankyo Alien
Denki
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Maze
VG
Sheriff (Bandido )
Nintendo
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Shooter
Group Skill Diga
Sega
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Crane
EM
King of Kings
Universal
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Medal
Faro
Sega
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Electronic games
$6,000,000,000
$28,000,000,000
Video games
$5,000,000,000
$23,000,000,000
Electro-mechanical
$750,000,000
$3,100,000,000
Handheld electronic
$375,000,000
$1,600,000,000
Highest-grossing arcade games [ ]
Space Invaders became the arcade game industry's all-time best-seller by 1979.[16] The following table lists the highest-grossing arcade games worldwide in 1979, including both video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games). See sub-sections below for breakdown of revenue estimates.
Rank
Title
Company
Worldwide revenue (est. )
Genre
Type
Generation
Nominal
Inflation
1
Space Invaders
Taito
$3,930,000,000
$16,000,000,000
Shmup
Video
8-bit
2
Galaxian
Namco
$250,000,000
$1,000,000,000
Video
8-bit
3
Monaco GP
Sega
$230,000,000
$970,000,000
Racing
Video
Discrete
4
IPM Invader [14] [15]
IPM (Irem)
$200,000,000
$840,000,000
Shmup
Video
8-bit
5
Head On
Sega
$110,000,000
$460,000,000
Maze
6
Super Speed Race V
Taito
$68,000,000
$290,000,000
Racing
Video
8-bit
Piccadilly Circus
Konami
$68,000,000
$290,000,000
Medal
Electro-mechanical
8
EVR Race
Nintendo
$48,000,000
$200,000,000
Medal
Electro-mechanical
9
Harness Race
Sega
$36,000,000
$150,000,000
10
Kentucky Derby
Universal
$32,000,000
$130,000,000
11
Speed Race CL-5
Taito
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Racing
Video
Discrete
Space Chaser
Taito
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Maze
Video
8-bit
Special Dual
Sega
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Action
Space Stranger
Hoei
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Shmup
TV Poker [n 3]
Sigma [n 4]
$24,000,000
$101,000,000
Medal
Electro-mechanical
16
Space Intruders
Subelectro
$23,000,000
$97,000,000
Shmup
Video
8-bit
17
Heiankyo Alien
Denki
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Maze
Video
8-bit
Sheriff (Bandido )
Nintendo
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Shooter
Group Skill Diga
Sega
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Crane
Electro-mechanical
King of Kings
Universal
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
Medal
Faro
Sega
$20,000,000
$84,000,000
The following table lists the year's top-grossing arcade game in various markets.
Title
Company
Genre
Market
Cabinet sales
Gross revenue (est. )
Annual
Cume
Nominal
Inflation
Ref
Space Invaders
Taito
Shmup
Japan
300,000[10]
400,000[2]
$1,700,000,000
$7,100,000,000
[4]
USA
55,000[17]
65,000[10]
$900,000,000
$3,800,000,000
[18] [10]
UK
78,000+[10]
85,000[2]
$700,000,000
$2,900,000,000
[19]
Sydney
Unknown
3,000[20]
$50,000,000
$210,000,000
[21] [22]
Other
193,000+[10]
197,000
$580,000,000
$2,400,000,000
[23]
Space Invaders
Taito
Shmup
Worldwide
632,000
750,000[2]
$3,930,000,000
$16,000,000,000
[10]
Japan [ ]
In Japan , the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1979, according to the annual Game Machine chart. Taito 's Space Invaders was the highest-grossing arcade game for a second year in a row. The list includes both video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).[24] [25]
Rank
Title
Company
Rankings[24]
Gross revenue (est. )[n 5]
Genre
Type
1
2
3
Points
1
Space Invaders
Taito
40
4
3
131
$1,700,000,000 [4]
Shmup
VG
2
Galaxian
Namco
9
13
9
62
$250,000,000
3
Monaco GP
Sega
9
11
8
57
$230,000,000
Racing
4
Head On
Sega
0
11
2
24
$96,000,000
Maze
5
Super Speed Race V
Taito
2
5
1
17
$68,000,000
Racing
VG
Piccadilly Circus
Konami
4
2
1
17
$68,000,000
Medal
EM
7
EVR Race
Nintendo
2
2
2
12
$48,000,000
Medal
EM
8
Harness Race
Sega
2
1
1
9
$36,000,000
9
Kentucky Derby
Universal
2
1
0
8
$32,000,000
10
Speed Race CL-5
Taito
0
1
4
6
$24,000,000
Racing
VG
Space Chaser
Taito
0
2
2
6
$24,000,000
Maze
Special Dual
Sega
0
2
2
6
$24,000,000
Action
Space Stranger
Hoei
2
0
0
6
$24,000,000
Shmup
TV Poker [n 6]
Sigma [n 7]
1
1
1
6
$24,000,000
Medal
EM
15
Heiankyo Alien
Denki
0
1
3
5
$20,000,000
Maze
VG
Sheriff (Bandido )
Nintendo
0
1
3
5
$20,000,000
Shooter
Group Skill Diga
Sega
1
0
2
5
$20,000,000
Crane
EM
King of Kings
Universal
1
1
0
5
$20,000,000
Medal
Faro
Sega
1
1
0
5
$20,000,000
20
Space Invaders Part II
Taito
0
2
0
4
$16,000,000
Shmup
VG
Galaxy Wars
Universal
0
1
2
4
$16,000,000
Action
Astro Fighter
Data East
0
1
2
4
$16,000,000
Shmup
The Driver [n 8]
Kasco
0
1
2
4
$16,000,000
Driving
EM
Udezumō[n 9]
Unknown
0
2
0
4
$16,000,000
Sports
The Super Car [n 10]
Fuji [n 11]
0
1
2
4
$16,000,000
Medal
EVR Basketball
Nintendo
0
2
0
4
$16,000,000
TV 21
Jatre
0
2
0
4
$16,000,000
Lunar Lander
Sega
0
0
4
4
$16,000,000
Space
VG
29
Lunar Rescue
Taito
0
1
1
3
$12,000,000
Action
VG
Mini Roulette [n 12]
Universal
0
1
1
3
$12,000,000
Medal
EM
Super Machine
Universal
1
0
0
3
$12,000,000
The Derby
Sigma[n 13]
1
0
0
3
$12,000,000
Basketball
Atari
1
0
0
3
$12,000,000
Sports
VG
34
Western Gun
Taito
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Shooter
VG
Field Goal
Taito
0
0
2
2
$8,000,000
Sports
Star Wars
Taito
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Action
Space Attack
Sega
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Shmup
Ichiban Hoshi[n 14]
Taiyō[n 15]
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Medal
EM
Rotary Duet[n 16]
Kansai[n 17]
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Super Twin
Hoei
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Action
VG
Head On Part II
Sega
0
1
0
2
$8,000,000
Maze
42
Top Bowler
Taito
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Sports
VG
Space Fever
Nintendo
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Shmup
Invader [n 18]
SNK
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Safari Rally
SNK
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Driving
Space Fighter
Data East
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Shmup
Submarine
Namco
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
FPS
EM
Mogura Taiji
TOGO
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Mole
Dai Ressha Aoi[n 19]
Kasco
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Sim
Pierrot
Konami
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Medal
Color Bingo
Taito
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Million Dice
Bonanza
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Pin Pon Pan [n 20]
Daito[n 21]
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Black Emperor[n 22]
Waipu[n 23]
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
UFO'77
Bendo[n 24]
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Head On N
Nintendo
0
0
1
1
$4,000,000
Maze
VG
Market
88
88
88
528
$3,400,000,000 [4]
Video games
365
$2,600,000,000
EM games
163
$700,000,000
United States [ ]
The following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1979 in the United States, including video games (VG) and electro-mechanical games (EM games).[26] [27] [28]
Rank
Title[26] [27]
Company
Cabinet sales [1]
Gross revenue (est. )[29] [30] [31]
Genre
Type
Annual
Cume
Nominal
Inflation
Ref
1
Space Invaders
Taito
55,000[17]
66,000[32]
$900,000,000
$3,800,000,000
[18] [10]
Shmup
VG
2
Air Hockey
Brunswick
—
33,000[33]
$46,000,000
$190,000,000
Sports
EM
4
Atari Football
Atari
901[34]
11,306[34]
$17,000,000
$71,000,000
Sports
VG
3
Asteroids
Atari
10,000[35] [36]
$17,000,000
$71,000,000
[34]
Shmup
5
Star Fire
Exidy
—
—
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Shooter
6
Head On
Sega
—
—
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Maze
7
Space Wars
Cinematronics
—
10,000[37]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Shooter
8
Sprint 2
Atari
—
8,200[38]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Racing
9
Crash
Exidy
—
–
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Maze
10
Super Breakout
Atari
—
4,805[34]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Block
11
Star Hawk
Cinematronics
—
—
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Shooter
12
Video Pinball
Atari
1,505[34]
1,505
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
[34] [39]
Pinball
13
Night Driver
Atari
—
2,100[40]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
[39]
Racing
14
Sprint 1
Atari
—
—
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
15
Sea Wolf II
Midway
—
4,000[41]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
[39]
Shooter
16
Baseball
Atari
1,050[34]
1,050
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Sports
17
Speed Freak
Vectorbeam
—
—
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Racing
18
F-1
Namco
3,000[42]
4,200[43]
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
Racing
EM
19
Sea Wolf
Midway
—
10,000[44]
$10,000,000
$42,000,000
Shooter
VG
20
Fire Truck
Atari
—
—
$1,000,000
$4,000,000
Racing
21
Super Bug
Atari
—
3,500[45]
$1,000,000
$4,000,000
22
Basketball
Atari
—
—
Sports
United Kingdom [ ]
Rank
Title
Company
Cabinet sales
Gross revenue (est. )
Genre
Annual
Cume
Nominal
Inflation
Ref
1
Space Invaders
Taito
78,000+[10]
85,000[2]
$700,000,000
$2,900,000,000
[19]
Shmup
2
Space Intruders
Subelectro
2,500[46]
2,500
$23,000,000
$97,000,000
3
Space Attack
Alca
100+[47]
100+
$1,000,000
$4,000,000
Total
80,600+
87,600+
$720,000,000
$3,000,000,000
Home market [ ]
Best-selling systems [ ]
Rank
System
Company
Sales
Gross revenue (est. )
Type
Generation
Ref
Nominal
Inflation
1
Color TV Block Kuzushi
Nintendo
500,000
$31,000,000
$130,000,000
Console
First
[48]
2
Atari VCS
Atari
450,000
$81,000,000
$340,000,000
Console
Second
[49]
3
TRS-80
Tandy
200,000
—
—
Computer
8-bit
[50]
4
NEC PC-8001
NEC
150,000[51]
$120,000,000
$500,000,000
Computer
8-bit
[52] [53]
5
Atari 400 / 800
Atari
100,000
—
—
Computer
8-bit
[50]
6
Commodore PET
Commodore
45,000
7
Apple II
Apple
35,000
Home systems
2,630,000
$264,000,000
$1,100,000,000
[1]
Video game consoles
2,050,000
$264,000,000
$1,100,000,000
Console
[1]
Personal computers
580,000
—
—
Computer
[50]
Best-selling games [ ]
Rank
Title
Platform
Company
Sales
Gross revenue (est. )
Ref
Type
Nominal
Inflation
1
Touch Me
Handheld
Atari
745,664
$8,900,000
$37,000,000
[54] [55]
LED
2
Color TV Block Kuzushi
Console
Nintendo
500,000
$31,000,000
$130,000,000
[48]
Video
3
Computer Perfection
Handheld
Lakeside
500,000
$15,000,000
$63,000,000
[56] [57]
LED
4
Combat
Atari VCS
Atari
450,000
$9,000,000
$38,000,000
[49] [58]
Video
5
Super Invader
Apple II
Taito
10,000
$400,000
$2,000,000
[59] [60] [61]
6
ChessMate
Computers
Micro-Ware
10,000
$200,000
$1,000,000
[62] [63]
7
Temple of Apshai
Computers
Automated
5,000
$200,000
$2,000,000
[64] [65]
8
Flight Simulator
Computers
SubLogic
5,000
$150,000
$600,000
[59] [66]
9
Microchess
Computers
Micro-Ware
4,000
$90,000
$400,000
[67] [63] [68]
10
Akalabeth: World of Doom
Apple II
Garriott
2,000
$40,000
$200,000
[69]
Notes [ ]
↑ TV ポー カー , TV Pōkā
↑ シグ��� , Shiguma
↑ TV ポー カー , TV Pōkā
↑ シグマ , Shiguma
↑ In 1979, arcade games grossed an estimated $3.4 billion in Japan, including $1.7 billion for Space Invaders alone.[4] For other arcade games:
397 points[24] equivalent to $1.7 billion[4] = $4 million per point (est. )
↑ TV ポー カー , TV Pōkā
↑ シグマ , Shiguma
↑ ザ・ドライバー , Za Doraibā
↑ 腕相撲 , "Arm Wrestling"
↑ スーパーカー , Sūpā Kā
↑ 富士電子工業 , Fuji Denshi Kōgyō
↑ ミニ・ルーレット , Mini Rūretto
↑ シグマ , Shiguma
↑ 一番星 , "First Star"
↑ 太陽自動機 , Taiyō Jidōki
↑ ロータリーデュェット , Rotari Deyuetto
↑ 関西企業 , Kansai Kigyō , "Kansai Enterprise"
↑ インベーダー , Inbēdā
↑ 大列車葵撃 , Dai Ressha Aoi Geki , "Great Train Aoi Geki"
↑ ピンポンパン
↑ 大登工業 , Daito Kōgyō
↑ ブラック エンペラー , Burakku Enperā
↑ ワイプ
↑ ベンドジャパン , Bendo Japan
References [ ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Video Game Sales: 1972-1999 . Gaming Alexandria (June 7, 2021).
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "After Pong " . ACE (6): 29-32 (29). 4 February 1988. March 1988. https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n28/mode/1up .
↑ "Can Asteroids Conquer Space Invaders?" . Electronic Games 1 (1): 30-33 (31). Winter 1981. https://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf#page=31 . Retrieved February 1, 2012 .
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Star invaders: Space invaders turn on Japanese to delights in inter-galactic war" . The Financial Post (Canada): p. S8. 6 October 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=4GI_AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA52 .
↑ 5.0 5.1 Morales, Eddie (Autumn 1982). "The tangle web of Spain's gaming machine industry" . Coin Slot Location (United Kingdom) 2 (4): 6-21. https://archive.org/details/coin-slot-location-volume-2-issue-4-autumn-1982/Coin%20Slot%20Location%20-%20Volume%202%20Issue%204%20-%20Autumn%201982/page/n7/mode/2up .
↑ 6.0 6.1 See United Kingdom section
↑ 7.0 7.1 See Space Invaders table in Highest-grossing arcade games section
↑ Citron, Alan (December 14, 1982). "The Rise And Fall Of Pinball" . Pittsburgh Press : p. 13. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0SArAAAAIBAJ&pg=6917,9675959 .
↑ 9.0 9.1 See Japan section
↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 1978
↑ 11.0 11.1 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985 . U.S. Government Printing Office. December 1984. pp. 229. https://books.google.com/books?id=iXFqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA229 .
↑ See Home market section
↑ Lindner, Richard (1990). Video Games: Past, Present and Future; An Industry Overview . United States: Nintendo of America . https://archive.org/details/06Kahle001551 .
↑ 14.0 14.1 "Tsujimoto — Capcom's "Toy Maker" — Talks About Video Business & Video Philosophy" . RePlay 11 (3): 85-90. December 1985. https://retrocdn.net/images/8/8d/RePlay_US_Volume_11_No._03.pdf#page=85 .
↑ 15.0 15.1 Koyama, Yusuke (2023-06-02). History of the Japanese Video Game Industry . Springer Nature. p. 21. ISBN 978-981-99-1342-8 . https://books.google.com/books?id=uITCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 . "The price of the first monochrome version of the table cabinet was 460,000 yen (580,000 yen for the color version released later), but in a single day, it generated 20,000–30,000 yen. In less than a month, game center can make their investment money back, and the rest will be all cash income."
↑ "1979: The Year in Review" . Cash Box (Cash Box Pub. Co.): 114. 19 December 1979. https://archive.org/details/cashbox41unse_31/page/n131 .
↑ 17.0 17.1 Sullivan, George (1983). "The First Big Hits" . Screen Play: The Story of Video Games . F. Warne . p. 38-47 (40). ISBN 978-0-7232-6251-0 . https://archive.org/details/ScreenPlaytheStoryofVideoGames/page/n49 .
↑ 18.0 18.1 Sullivan, George (1983). "The First Big Hits" . Screen Play: The Story of Video Games . F. Warne . pp. 38–47 (40). ISBN 978-0-7232-6251-0 . https://archive.org/details/ScreenPlaytheStoryofVideoGames/page/n49 .
↑ 19.0 19.1 Durham, Tony. “Space-age pirates in a battle of wits .” Sunday Times , 16 March 1980, p. 63
↑ "Hooked on Space Invaders" . The Sydney Morning Herald . 9 September 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=vQFkAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9&article_id=2831,2830780 .
↑ "Invasion is over but space games battle on" . The Age (Australia): p. 31. 13 July 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=DCRVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA31&article_id=3213,5952108 .
↑ "Zap this pow-blip" . The Sydney Morning Herald : p. 21. 18 January 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=9_5jAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA11 .
↑ "Fall Warehouse Clearance Sale" . Play Meter 5 (21): 128. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/128 .
↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 "ベストスリー 本紙調査 (Best 3 Paper Survey)" (in Japanese). Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc. ) (136): 2. February 1980. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19800201p.pdf#page=2 .
↑ "調査対象5年間のベスト1" . Game Machine (Amusement Press, Inc. ) (159): 1. 15 February 1981. https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19810215p.pdf .
↑ 26.0 26.1 "The Winners of '79: Top Videos" . Play Meter 5 (21): 24. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/24 .
↑ 27.0 27.1 "Video Games" . RePlay . November 1979. https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2014/03/more-bronze-age-video-game-popularity.html .
↑ "AMOA Expo 1979: '79 Route Survey" . Cash Box : AMOA-33. November 10, 1979. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1979/CB-1979-11-10.pdf#page=59 .
↑ "1979" . Play Meter 20 (13): 62. December 1994. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/62 .
↑ "Breakdown of Amusement Equipment" . Play Meter 5 (21): 20. November 15, 1979. https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-5-number-21-november-15th-1979/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%205%2C%20Number%2021%20-%20November%2015th%201979/page/20 .
↑ "AMOA Expo 1979: '79 Route Survey" . Cash Box : AMOA-16. November 10, 1979. https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1979/CB-1979-11-10.pdf#page=40 .
↑ 1978
↑ Oh, the shape we're in (September 1979)
↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 Product: Total Build . Atari Games . 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf .
↑ The Marketing Information Guide, Volumes 8-9 . 1979. p. 21. https://books.google.com/books?id=n2QtAQAAMAAJ . "Now, with Asteroids production outdoing any other game in Coin-Ops ' history"
↑ "Special Feature: Marketing the World's Hottest Game" . RePlay . April 1979. https://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2013/11/video-game-myth-busters-space-invaders.html .
↑ Bloom, Steve (1982). Video Invaders . Arco Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-668-05520-8 . https://archive.org/details/book_video_invaders/page/n38 .
↑ Product: Total Build . Atari Games . 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf .
↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "What's new in games" . The Pizza Times 2 (1): p. 3. May 1980. https://showbizpizza.com/info/documents/ptt/ptt_pizzatimes-1980.pdf#page=3 .
↑ Product: Total Build . Atari Games . 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf .
↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games , BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0 , https://books.google.com/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ , retrieved 2011-04-09 , "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines. (A later color version sold an additional 4000 units.)"
↑ Product: Total Build . Atari Games . 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf .
↑ 1977
↑ Steven L. Kent (2000), The first quarter: a 25-year history of video games , BWD Press, p. 83, ISBN 0-9704755-0-0 , https://books.google.com/books?id=ny-CAAAAMAAJ , retrieved 2011-04-09 , "Sea Wolf, which was another creation of Dave Nutting, did solid business, selling more than 10,000 machines. (A later color version sold an additional 4000 units.)"
↑ Product: Total Build . Atari Games . 1999. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf .
↑ Durham, Tony. “Space-age pirates in a battle of wits .” Sunday Times , 16 March 1980, p. 63
↑ Meades, Alan (2022-10-25). "5: Pings, Pongs, and Pioneers" . Arcade Britannia: A Social History of the British Amusement Arcade . The MIT Press . pp. 121-44. ISBN 978-0-262-37234-3 . https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5459/chapter/3979910/Pings-Pongs-and-Pioneers .
↑ 48.0 48.1 First generation of video games
↑ 49.0 49.1 Second generation of video games
↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Reimer, Jeremy (2005-12-15). Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures . Ars Technica .
↑ West, Joel (January 1996). Moderators of the Diffusion of Technological Innovation: Growth of the Japanese PC Industry . Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations 9–10. University of California, Irvine . alternate url
↑ 日本電気社史編纂室 (2001-12-25) (in Japanese). 日本電気株式会社百年史 . NEC. pp. 653–654.
↑ Forster, Winnie (2005). The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972 - 2005 . GAMEPLAN. p. 33. ISBN 3-00-015359-4 .
↑ Goldberg, Marty (2012). Atari Inc. Business Is Fun . Carmel, NY: Syzygy Co.. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-9855974-0-5 . https://archive.org/details/atariincbusiness0000gold/page/258 .
↑ "Electronic games are today's way to play" . Kiplinger's Personal Finance 34 (11): 40. November 1980. ISSN 1528-9729 . https://books.google.com/books?id=iAYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40 .
↑ "Business Week, Issues 2610-2618" . Business Week (2610-2618): 52. 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=tjw7AAAAMAAJ . "Lakeside Games, a division of Leisure Dynamics Inc, is wringing its hands over the fact it has orders for 800,000 of its new Computer Perfection game (...) Computer Perfection game but will only be able to fulfill 500,000 shipments because of cutbacks in its chip allocations"
↑ "Boardroom Reports, Volume 8" . Boardroom Reports 8 : 18. 1979. https://books.google.com/books?id=gRocAQAAMAAJ . "Computer Perfection ($30), by Lakeside, is one of this year's hottest sellers."
↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk80AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA74
↑ 59.0 59.1 "List of Top Sellers" . Computer Gaming World 2 (5): 2. September–October 1982. http://pdf.textfiles.com/zines/CGW/1982_0910_issue6.pdf#page=4 .
↑ Akalabeth Insert . California Pacific.
↑ Tommervik, Al, ed. (April 1981). "Super Invader is Readers' Choice" . Softalk (North Hollywood, CA: Softalk Publishing Inc.) 1 (8): 13. https://archive.org/details/softalkv1n08apr1981/page/13 .
↑ Oral History of Peter Jennings . Computer History Museum (February 1, 2005).
↑ 63.0 63.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=y5c_AQAAIAAJ&dq=Microchess
↑ Paul Freiverger, "This Company Is Serious About Games" , InfoWorld , 11 May 1981, p. 10
↑ "Upper Reaches of Apshai" . PC Magazine : 163. November 1982. https://books.google.com/books?id=vy3cBZkjbZgC&pg=RA2-PA163 .
↑ Everyone's Guide to Personal Computers . 1983. p. 172. https://books.google.com/books?id=w5JSNPOHexkC&q=%22Price+Range+:+%24+30%22 . "Flight Simulator (...) Vendor: subLOGIC (...) Price Range: $30 to $35"
↑ "Personal Software Introduces Backgammon & Checkers Programs" . Intelligent Machines Journal : pp. 10. January 21, 1980. https://books.google.com/books?id=Lz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 . Retrieved January 22, 2015 .
↑ 1977 and 1978
↑ Maher, Jimmy (2011-12-20). California Pacific . The Digital Antiquarian .
External links [ ]