Translation was the conversion of a text from one language to another.
In 2152, Hoshi Sato was able to translate the Kreetassans' language to Captain Jonathan Archer. (ENT: "Vox Sola")
Sometime prior to 2261, Roger Korby translated medical records from the Orion ruins, which helped revolutionize modern 23rd century immunization techniques. (TOS: "What Are Little Girls Made Of?")