Station keeping was the means of using a spacecraft's propulsion system, typically maneuvering thrusters, to perform adjustments in order to maintain a constant position in orbit, more specifically geostationary orbit, relative to another object – planet, starship, space station, etc.
When performing a manual docking of the saucer with the drive section of the USS Enterprise-D, one of the steps was to set thrusters to station keeping. (TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint")
During the Federation's attempt to correct the decaying orbit of the moon over Bre'el IV in 2366, using the tractor beam aboard the Enterprise-D, the ship held at station keeping at a range of 640 meters. (TNG: "Deja Q")