Confirmation bias was the concept or tendency to seek or interpret information that supported one's own preconceptions or beliefs.
In 3190, Doctor Kovich laid out a variety of universal translators to make a point about confirmation bias in communicating with Species 10-C. As Dr. Hirai explained, given that the task force knew nothing about Species 10-C, it would be naive to assume their translators would work. (DIS: "The Galactic Barrier")