The New Providence colony was a Federation colony on the planet Jouret IV. It was the size of a small town, with over nine hundred inhabitants.
In 2256, this colony was mentioned with the star Jouret's name on the star chart "Alpha/Beta Quadrant Overview" in the ready room aboard the USS Discovery. (DIS: "Magic to Make the Sanest Man Go Mad")
In 2366, all contact with this colony, which was one of the Federation's outermost colonies, was lost.
On stardate 43989.1, the crew of the USS Enterprise-D, investigating this situation, discovered that the entire colony had been scooped off the face of the planet, comparable to the Borg attack on System J-25 prior to 2365, or the devastating attacks on the outposts in Sector 30 and Sector 31 in 2364.
It turned out that this disaster was in fact the beginning of the Borg incursion that led to the Battle of Wolf 359. (TNG: "The Best of Both Worlds", "The Best of Both Worlds, Part II")
The pattern of destruction left behind by the Borg, i.e., the crater, is consistent with what the crew of the USS Voyager would see on the Borg-struck Brunali homeworld in the Delta Quadrant in 2376. (VOY: "Child's Play")
This colony was possibly named after Providence, the capital city of Rhode Island in the USA on the North American continent of Earth. (citation needed • edit)