A cabinet was a piece of furniture used for storing items.
Captain Jonathan Archer had a cabinet in his ready room aboard Enterprise NX-01. (ENT: "Terra Nova", "The Andorian Incident", "Breaking the Ice", "Fortunate Son")
In 2267, after confiscating James T. Kirk and Spock's tricorders and phasers, the Organians placed them in a cabinet for safekeeping. Ayelborne told them where the devices had been stored, after some prodding from Trefayne. (TOS: "Errand of Mercy")
In the Nexus, Kirk kept spices in his kitchen cabinet, including dill weed and oregano. (Star Trek Generations)