An agrarian society was a society whose economy or philosophy was focused on the production of various agricultural products.
During the 13th century, the Ventaxian culture had achieved an extremely advanced level of science and technology, but following their contact with Ardra, they turned their back on it and began living as an agrarian society. The environmental gains on Ventax II were subsequently accomplished after the shift of their economy from an industrial to an agrarian base, which they found to be more ecologically sound. (TNG: "Devil's Due")
The inhabitants of the planet Orellius, who lived under the philosophical ideals of Alixus, functioned as an agrarian society. (DS9: "Paradise")
Following their encounters with the Borg, the Brunali became an agrarian society that had limited technological resources, mostly to avoid detection by the Borg. (VOY: "Child's Play")