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Toplines: July 2024 Times/Siena Poll of Registered Voters Nationwide

Results of a nationwide New York Times/Siena College poll conducted among 1,532 registered voters from June 28 to July 2, 2024.

Toplines | Registered Voter Cross-Tabs | Likely Electorate Cross-Tabs

Do you think the United States is on the right track, or is it headed in the wrong direction?

[IF NEEDED: Based on anything you may have seen or heard, if you had to pick, would you say right track or wrong direction?]

Date

Pop.

Right track

Wrong direction

[VOLUNTEERED] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

22%

69%

10%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

23

66

11

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

25

64

11

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

24

65

11

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

23

65

13

Oct. 9-12, 2022

R.V.

24

62

14

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

27

60

13

July 5-7, 2022

R.V.

13

77

10

Sept. 22-24, 2020

R.V.

35

56

10

June 17-22, 2020

R.V.

31

58

11

Oct. 28-Nov. 1, 2016 Times/CBS

Adults

35

61

3

July 8-12, 2016 Times/CBS

Adults

26

69

5

May 13-17, 2016 Times/CBS

Adults

30

63

7

Mar. 17-20, 2016 Times/CBS

Adults

32

61

7

Jan. 7-10, 2016 Times/CBS

Adults

27

65

8

Dec. 4-8, 2015 Times/CBS

Adults

24

68

8

Note: Before 2020, the question wording was, “Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right direction or do you feel things have pretty seriously gotten off on the wrong track?”

Thinking ahead to the presidential general election, are you almost certain that you will vote, very likely to vote, somewhat likely to vote, not very likely to vote or not at all likely to vote?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Almost certain

55%

Very likely

25%

Somewhat likely

7%

Not very likely

4%

Not at all likely

6%

[VOL] Already voted

0%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

3%

(Includes leaners) If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were:

Date

Pop.

Joe Biden, the Democrat

Donald Trump, the Republican

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

41%

49%

10%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

42

48

10

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

45

46

8

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

43

48

10

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

44

46

9

(Without leaners) If the 2024 presidential election were held today, who would you vote for if the candidates were:

[READ LIST]

[IF NEEDED: If you had to decide today, are you leaning toward one candidate?]

Date

Pop.

Joe Biden, the Democrat

Donald Trump, the Republican

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the third-party candidate

Jill Stein, the Green Party candidate

[VOL] Cornel West, the third-party candidate

Chase Oliver, the Libertarian Party candidate

[VOL] Another candidate (specify)

[VOL] Not going to vote /wouldn't vote if those were the choices

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

33%

40%

10%

2%

<.5%

1%

<1%

4%

7%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

32

39

9

<.5

1

4

11

(Leaners, if not supporting Trump or Biden) If you had to decide between the two today, would you lean more toward:

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Joe Biden, the Democrat

28%

Donald Trump, the Republican

34%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

38%

(Responses reclassified by age group) In what year were you born?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

18-29

16%

30-44

23%

45-64

31%

65+

26%

Refused

3%

What is the highest educational level that you have completed?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Grade school

3%

High school

28%

Vocational or trade school

5%

Some college, no degree

17%

Associate’s degree

9%

Bachelor's degree

23%

Graduate or professional degree

15%

[VOL] Refused

<1%

Would you consider yourself:

[READ LIST]

[IF biracial or multi racial ask: What races would that be?]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

White

64%

Hispanic or Latino

11%

Black or African American

11%

Asian

2%

American Indian or Alaska Native

<1%

Middle Eastern or North African

1%

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

<1%

[VOL] Some other race (specify)

3%

[VOL] More than one race

2%

[VOL] Refused

3%

Note: Responses to questions after this point are reported only for respondents who completed the entire questionnaire.

Do you consider yourself a Democrat, a Republican, an independent or a member of another party?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Democrat

28%

Republican

29%

Independent

33%

Another party

4%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

6%

Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Donald Trump

36%

Joe Biden

40%

I did not vote

19%

[VOL] Someone else

2%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

2%

(Excluding “I did not vote”) Who did you vote for in the 2020 presidential election between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, or did you not vote?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Donald Trump

45%

Joe Biden

49%

[VOL] Someone else

3%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

3%

Do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?

FOLLOW UP: Is that strongly or somewhat?

Date

Pop.

Strongly approve

Somewhat approve

Somewhat disapprove

Strongly disapprove

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

17%

17%

14%

48%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

14

21

15

46

4

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

16

22

12

47

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

17

19

14

47

3

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

12

25

15

43

6

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

18

21

12

42

7

Oct. 9-12, 2022

R.V.

16

22

15

42

6

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

18

23

9

44

5

July 5-7, 2022

R.V.

13

20

15

45

6

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Donald Trump.

Date

Pop.

Very favorable

Somewhat favorable

Somewhat unfavorable

Very unfavorable

[VOL] Have not heard of

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

23%

20%

11%

44%

<.5%

3%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

23

23

13

39

0

3

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

20

23

12

43

<.5

2

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

22

21

11

43

0

2

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

24

19

12

43

<.5

3

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

21

20

11

44

0

4

Oct. 9-12, 2022

R.V.

22

20

10

42

<.5

5

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

23

20

9

44

<.5

3

July 5-7, 2022

R.V.

21

18

8

49

3

Oct. 15-18, 2020

R.V.

32

12

7

46

3

Sept. 22-24, 2020

R.V.

31

13

7

46

3

June 17-22, 2020

R.V.

27

13

6

50

4

Tell me whether you have a very favorable, somewhat favorable, somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable opinion of Joe Biden.

Date

Pop.

Very favorable

Somewhat favorable

Somewhat unfavorable

Very unfavorable

[VOL] Have not heard of

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

16%

20%

20%

41%

0%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

14

24

18

41

<.5

3

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

15

25

15

41

<.5

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

14

24

17

42

0

3

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

13

26

20

37

0

4

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

17

26

16

38

<.5

3

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

20

27

11

40

<.5

3

July 5-7, 2022

R.V.

14

25

18

40

3

Oct. 15-18, 2020

R.V.

29

23

9

35

4

Sept. 22-24, 2020

R.V.

25

26

12

32

5

June 17-22, 2020

R.V.

26

26

15

27

5

How much attention are you paying to the upcoming presidential election?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

A lot

Some

Not much

None at all

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

57%

28%

10%

5%

<.5%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

48

32

13

6

<1

Do you think Joe Biden should remain the Democratic Party’s nominee for president, or should there be a different Democratic nominee for president?

Date

Pop.

Joe Biden should remain the Democratic nominee

There should be a different Democratic nominee

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

31%

60%

9%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

29

64

7

Do you think Donald Trump should remain the Republican Party’s nominee for president, or should there be a different Republican nominee for president?

Date

Pop.

Donald Trump should remain the Republican nominee

There should be a different Republican nominee

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

42%

51%

7%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

39

55

6

Did you watch or hear about the presidential debate that took place on Thursday, June 27?

[IF WATCHED: Did you watch it live on debate night or did you see clips afterward?] [IF HEARD ABOUT: Did you just hear about the debate or did you watch any parts of it?]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Watched on debate night

59%

Watched clips afterward

16%

Heard about the debate

15%

No

10%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

<.5%

(If watched or heard about debate) How well do you think Joe Biden did in the presidential debate?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Very well

3%

Somewhat well

14%

Not too well

24%

Not well at all

57%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

3%

(If watched or heard about debate) How well do you think Donald Trump did in the presidential debate?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Very well

22%

Somewhat well

29%

Not too well

16%

Not well at all

27%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

5%

(If watched or heard about debate) Who do you think did better in the debate?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Joe Biden

22%

Donald Trump

60%

[VOL] About the same

1%

[VOL] Neither did better

10%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

6%

Do you think Donald Trump left the country better or worse than when he took office?

Date

Pop.

Better

Worse

[VOL] The same

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

47%

46%

2%

5%

Apr. 7-11, 2024 *In April, question was "better off" "worse off"

R.V.

48

46

3

3

Do you think Joe Biden has made the country better or worse since taking office?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Better

34%

Worse

58%

[VOL] The same

5%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

4%

Next, regardless of who you support for president, tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with each of the following statements.

Joe Biden is just too old to be an effective president.

[IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree...]

Date

Pop.

Strongly agree

Somewhat agree

Somewhat disagree

Strongly disagree

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

53%

21%

11%

10%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

48

22

15

13

3

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

48

21

14

13

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

47

26

14

11

2

Donald Trump is just too old to be an effective president.

[IF NEEDED: Tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree...]

Date

Pop.

Strongly agree

Somewhat agree

Somewhat disagree

Strongly disagree

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

22%

21%

21%

33%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

19

20

25

33

3

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

21

21

23

32

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

21

21

23

32

2

(If Biden is too old to be effective) Thinking again about Joe Biden’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

Joe Biden’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough

Joe Biden’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

[PREVIOUSLY] Somewhat disagree

[PREVIOUSLY] Strongly disagree

[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

22%

50%

3%

11%

10%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

22

45

2

15

13

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

26

45

2

14

11

2

(Without combination) (If Biden is too old to be effective) Thinking again about Joe Biden’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Joe Biden’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough

29%

Joe Biden’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president

67%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

4%

(If Trump is too old to be effective) Thinking again about Donald Trump’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

Donald Trump’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough

Donald Trump’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

[PREVIOUSLY] Somewhat disagree

[PREVIOUSLY] Strongly disagree

[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

21%

19%

2%

21%

33%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

20

16

2

25

33

3

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

21

19

2

23

32

2

(Without combination) (If Trump is too old to be effective) Thinking again about Donald Trump’s age, which of the following statements comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Donald Trump’s age makes him ineffective, but he is still able to handle the job of president well enough

50%

Donald Trump’s age is such a problem that he is not capable of handling the job of president

45%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

6%

Do you think Joe Biden has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?

Date

Pop.

Yes

No

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

48%

50%

2%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

47

51

2

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

45

54

1

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

51

45

4

Do you think Donald Trump has the personality and temperament to be an effective president?

Date

Pop.

Yes

No

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

45%

53%

2%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

45

53

2

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

41

57

2

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

41

56

3

Oct. 28-Nov. 1, 2016 Times/CBS *

R.V.

32

66

2

Sept. 9-13, 2016 Times/CBS *

R.V.

31

64

4

May 13-17, 2016 Times/CBS *

R.V.

27

70

3

* Question was: Do you think Donald Trump has the right kind of temperament and personality to be a good president, or not?

What one issue is most important in deciding your vote this November?

[IF NEEDED: If you had to pick just one...]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

[VOL] The economy (including jobs and the stock market)

20%

[VOL] Inflation and the cost of living

6%

[VOL] Abortion

8%

[VOL] Immigration

14%

[VOL] Crime

<.5%

[VOL] Gun policies

<.5%

[VOL] Health care

2%

[VOL] Education

<.5%

[VOL] Foreign policy

5%

[VOL] Russia/the war in Ukraine

<1%

[VOL] China

<.5%

[VOL] Climate change

1%

[VOL] The state of democracy/corruption

8%

[VOL] Election integrity

<.5%

[VOL] Equality/inequality

1%

[VOL] Polarization/division

<.5%

[VOL] Racism/racial issues

<.5%

[VOL] Dislike of opposing candidate (Trump or Biden)

3%

[VOL] Character/competence of candidate (Trump or Biden)

10%

[VOL] The Middle East/Israel/Palestinians

2%

[VOL] Taxes

2%

[VOL] Student loans

<.5%

[VOL] Other (specify)

6%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

8%

Which candidate do you think would do a better job of handling the issue you think is most important?

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Joe Biden, the Democrat

39%

Donald Trump, the Republican

50%

[VOL] Neither candidate

6%

[VOL] Someone else; specify

<1%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

4%

Who do you think is most responsible for the Supreme Court ending the constitutional right to an abortion: Joe Biden or Donald Trump?

FOLLOW UP: Does he have a lot of responsibility or some responsibility?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Joe Biden, a lot of responsibility

6%

Joe Biden, some responsibility

8%

Donald Trump, some responsibility

23%

Donald Trump, a lot of responsibility

43%

[VOL] Neither

7%

[VOL] Both

<1%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

12%

Would you be more likely to describe electing Donald Trump as president this November as a safe choice for the country or a risky choice for the country?

Date

Pop.

Safe choice

Risky choice

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

41%

56%

2%

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

41

57

1

Sept. 9-13, 2016 Times/CBS

R.V.

30

67

2

Would you be more likely to describe reelecting Joe Biden as president this November as a safe choice for the country or a risky choice for the country?

Date

Pop.

Safe choice

Risky choice

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

35%

63%

2%

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

40

58

2

Has Donald Trump ever said anything that you found offensive?

[FOLLOW UP: Was that recently or not recently?]

Date

Pop.

Yes, recently

Yes, but not recently

No

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

37%

31%

30%

3%

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

38

33

27

2

How much do you think Donald Trump respects women?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

A lot

Some

Not much

Not at all

[VOL] Don’t know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

21%

21%

14%

38%

5%

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

18

23

19

36

3

Oct. 28-Nov. 1, 2016 Times/CBS

R.V.

20

25

15

38

2

Sept. 9-13, 2016 Times/CBS

R.V.

23

27

21

27

3

Thinking about the investigations into Donald Trump, do you think that Donald Trump has or has not committed any serious federal crimes?

Date

Pop.

Donald Trump has committed serious federal crimes

Donald Trump has not committed serious federal crimes

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

54%

38%

7%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

55

36

9

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

54

37

9

Feb. 25-28, 2024

R.V.

53

36

11

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

58

33

9

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

51

35

14

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

51

38

11

July 5-7, 2022 *

R.V.

49

40

11

* Wording was: Do you think that Donald Trump did or did not commit any serious federal crimes in the aftermath of the 2020 election?

What comes closer to your view about Donald Trump's actions after the 2020 election?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

He was just exercising his right to contest the election

He went so far that he threatened American democracy

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

43%

51%

6%

Apr. 7-11, 2024

R.V.

43

51

6

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

39

53

8

Sept. 6-14, 2022

R.V.

38

54

8

July 5-7, 2022

R.V.

39

55

7

Thinking generally about all the criminal cases against Donald Trump, which comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?

[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

The charges against Donald Trump are mostly politically motivated.

Donald Trump was charged mostly because prosecutors believed he committed crimes.

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

48%

48%

4%

June 20-25, 2024

R.V.

49

47

5

Dec. 10-14, 2023

R.V.

46

48

6

(If country headed in the wrong direction) In a previous question you said you thought things in the U.S. were headed in the wrong direction.

Which statement comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?


[READ LIST]

Date

Pop.

Our problems are so bad that America is in danger of failing as a nation.

Our problems are bad, but America is not in danger of failing as a nation anytime soon.

[VOL] Don't know /Refused

[PREVIOUSLY] Country is on the right track

[PREVIOUSLY] Don't know /Refused

June 28-July 2, 2024

R.V.

47%

21%

2%

21%

9%

July 23-27, 2023

R.V.

37

26

1

23

13

(Without combination) (If country headed in the wrong direction) In a previous question you said you thought things in the U.S. were headed in the wrong direction.

Which statement comes closer to your view, even if neither is exactly right?


[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Our problems are so bad that America is in danger of failing as a nation.

67%

Our problems are bad, but America is not in danger of failing as a nation anytime soon.

30%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

2%

What single news source do you turn to most often?

This could include a social media site or a news site.

[IF NEEDED: If you had to pick just one...]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

[VOL] Fox News

12%

[VOL] CNN

10%

[VOL] MSNBC

4%

[VOL] Public Radio/NPR/PBS

3%

[VOL] Talk radio/conservative personality

<1%

[VOL] National television networks, like CBS, NBC or ABC

11%

[VOL] Local broadcast news (includes non-talk, non-public local radio)

5%

[VOL] National print or online news organizations, like The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal

6%

[VOL] Local print or online news organizations

<1%

[VOL] Social media

19%

[VOL] Friends and family

<1%

[VOL] International news sources (such as the BBC, Al Jazeera and The Guardian)

3%

[VOL] Aggregation sites (such as Bing, Google, Yahoo News or Apple News)

3%

[VOL] Conservative news sites

2%

[VOL] Newsmax

2%

[VOL] Liberal news sites (Such as Mother Jones and Occupy Democrats)

<1%

[VOL] Doesn’t consume news

3%

[VOL] Other (includes no preference and the internet)

9%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

4%

And just a few more questions for demographic purposes...

Do you consider yourself politically liberal, moderate or conservative?


[FOLLOW UP: (If liberal or conservative) Is that very or somewhat?]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Very liberal

9%

Somewhat liberal

14%

Moderate

37%

Somewhat conservative

19%

Very conservative

16%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

6%

Which of the following general income categories is your total household income before taxes?

[IF NEEDED: I just want to remind you that you are completely anonymous. We only use this information in aggregate form to ensure we have a representative group of people]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Under $25,000

12%

At least $25,000 but under $50,000

16%

At least $50,000 but under $100,000

27%

At least $100,000 but under $200,000

25%

$200,000 or more

12%

[VOL] Refused

8%

Do you consider yourself Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, some other religion, or do you have no religious affiliation?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Catholic

17%

Protestant (Christian)

31%

Mormon (LDS)

2%

Jewish

2%

Muslim

<1%

[VOL] Christian (includes Baptist, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Methodist, Adventist, Presbyterian)

12%

[VOL] Greek/Russian Orthodox

<.5%

Some other religion (specify)

2%

No religious affiliation

31%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

2%

(If Protestant, Christian, Mormon, Greek/Russian Orthodox or some other religion) Do you consider yourself an evangelical or born-again Christian?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Yes

26%

No

20%

[PREVIOUSLY] Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, no religious affiliation or refused

52%

[VOL] Refused

2%

(Without combination) (If Protestant, Christian, Mormon, Greek/Russian Orthodox or some other religion) Do you consider yourself an evangelical or born-again Christian?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Yes

54%

No

42%

[VOL] Refused

3%

(If independent, another party or not sure) And as of today, do you lean more toward:

[READ LIST]

Date:

Pop.:

N:

The Democratic Party

39%

The Republican Party

42%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

20%

Combined: Party identification and leaners

Date:

Pop.:

N:

The Democratic Party

45%

The Republican Party

47%

[VOL] Don't know/Refused

9%

Would you be open to commenting on the issues in this survey and be interested in being contacted by a reporter?

Date:

Pop.:

N:

Yes

36%

No

64%

Party ID is self-identified party, without leaners; independents include only self-identified independents.

Gender is self-reported if the respondent completed the full questionnaire; otherwise, it is based on the interviewer’s determination. If neither are available, it is as reported on the voter file.

Neighborhood type is a New York Times classification based on each voter’s address. Voters within a metropolitan area’s central city are classified as living in a city. Voters living in a metropolitan area but outside the central city are considered suburban if they live in a census-designated urban area. All other voters — those living in nonmetropolitan areas, and those living in non-urbanized parts of metropolitan areas outside the central city — are classified as living in small towns or rural areas.

How This Poll Was Conducted

Here are the key things to know about this Times/Siena poll:

• We spoke with 1,532 registered voters from June 28 to July 2, 2024.

• Our polls are conducted by telephone, using live interviewers, in both English and Spanish. About 93 percent of respondents were contacted on a cellphone for this poll.

• Voters are selected for the survey from a list of registered voters. The list contains information on the demographic characteristics of every registered voter, allowing us to make sure we reach the right number of voters of each party, race and region. For this poll, we placed more than 190,000 calls to more than 113,000 voters.

• To further ensure that the results reflect the entire voting population, not just those willing to take a poll, we give more weight to respondents from demographic groups that are underrepresented among survey respondents, like people without a college degree. You can see more information about the characteristics of our respondents and the weighted sample at the bottom of the page, under “Composition of the Sample.”

• The poll’s margin of sampling error among registered voters is plus or minus 2.8 percentage points. In theory, this means that the results should reflect the views of the overall population most of the time, though many other challenges create additional sources of error. When computing the difference between two values — such as a candidate’s lead in a race — the margin of error is twice as large.

If you want to read more about how and why we conduct our polls, you can see answers to frequently asked questions and submit your own questions here.

Full Methodology

The New York Times/Siena College poll of 1,532 registered voters nationwide, including 1,235 who completed the full survey, was conducted in English and Spanish on cellular and landline telephones from June 28 to July 2, 2024. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 2.8 percentage points for registered voters and plus or minus 2.9 percentage points for the likely electorate. Among those who completed the full survey, the margin of sampling error is plus or minus 3.2 percentage points for registered voters and plus or minus 3.3 percentage points for the likely electorate.

Sample

The survey is a response rate-adjusted stratified sample of registered voters on the L2 voter file. The sample was selected by The New York Times in multiple steps to account for differential telephone coverage, nonresponse and significant variation in the productivity of telephone numbers by state.

First, records were selected by state. To adjust for noncoverage bias, the L2 voter file was stratified by statehouse district, party, race, gender, marital status, household size, turnout history, age and home ownership. The proportion of registrants with a telephone number and the mean expected response rate were calculated for each stratum. The mean expected response rate was based on a model of unit nonresponse in prior Times/Siena surveys. The initial selection weight was equal to the reciprocal of a stratum’s mean telephone coverage and modeled response rate. For respondents with multiple telephone numbers on the L2 file, the number with the highest modeled response rate was selected.

Second, state records were selected for the national sample. The number of records selected by state was based on a model of unit nonresponse in prior Times/Siena national surveys as a function of state, telephone number quality and other demographic and political characteristics. The state’s share of records was equal to the reciprocal of the mean response rate of the state’s records, divided by the national sum of the weights.

Fielding

The sample was stratified according to political party, race and region and fielded by the Siena College Research Institute, with additional field work by ReconMR, the Public Opinion Research Laboratory at the University of North Florida, the Institute of Policy and Opinion Research at Roanoke College and the Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at Winthrop University in South Carolina. Interviewers asked for the person named on the voter file and ended the interview if the intended respondent was not available. Overall, 93 percent of respondents were reached on a cellular telephone.

The instrument was translated into Spanish by ReconMR. Bilingual interviewers began the interview in English and were instructed to follow the lead of the respondent in determining whether to conduct the survey in English or Spanish. Monolingual Spanish-speaking respondents who were initially contacted by English-speaking interviewers were recontacted by Spanish-speaking interviewers. Overall, 10 percent of interviews among self-reported Hispanics were conducted in Spanish, including 14 percent of weighted interviews.

An interview was determined to be complete for the purposes of inclusion in the ballot test question if the respondent did not drop out of the survey by the end of the two self-reported variables used in weighting — age and education — and answered at least one of the age, education, race or presidential election ballot test questions.

Weighting — registered voters

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the sample was adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the sample was weighted to match voter file-based parameters for the characteristics of registered voters.

The following targets were used:

• Party (party registration if available, or else classification based on a model of vote choice in prior Times/Siena polls) by whether the respondent’s race is modeled as white or nonwhite (L2 model)

• Age (Self-reported age, or voter file age if the respondent refuses) by gender (L2)

• Race or ethnicity (L2 model)

• Education (four categories of self-reported education level, weighted to match NYT-based targets derived from Times/Siena polls, census data and the L2 voter file)

• White/non-white race by college or non-college educational attainment (L2 model of race weighted to match NYT-based targets for self-reported education)

• Marital status (L2 model)

• Home ownership (L2 model)

• National region (NYT classifications by state)

• Turnout history (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Method of voting in the 2020 elections (NYT classifications based on L2 data)

• Metropolitan status (2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties)

• Census tract educational attainment

Finally, the sample of respondents who completed all questions in the survey was weighted identically, as well as to the result for the general election horse race question (including leaners) on the full sample.

Weighting — likely electorate

The survey was weighted by The Times using the R survey package in multiple steps.

First, the samples were adjusted for unequal probability of selection by stratum.

Second, the first-stage weight was adjusted to account for the probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election, based on a model of turnout in the 2020 election.

Third, the sample was weighted to match targets for the composition of the likely electorate. The targets for the composition of the likely electorate were derived by aggregating the individual-level turnout estimates described in the previous step for registrants on the L2 voter file. The categories used in weighting were the same as those previously mentioned for registered voters.

Fourth, the initial likely electorate weight was adjusted to incorporate self-reported intention to vote. Four-fifths of the final probability that a registrant would vote in the 2024 election was based on their ex ante modeled turnout score and one-fifth based on their self-reported intentions, based on prior Times/Siena polls, including a penalty to account for the tendency of survey respondents to turn out at higher rates than nonrespondents. The final likely electorate weight was equal to the modeled electorate rake weight, multiplied by the final turnout probability and divided by the ex ante modeled turnout probability.

Finally, the sample of respondents who completed all questions in the survey was weighted identically, as well as to the result for the general election horse race question (including leaners) on the full sample.

The margin of error accounts for the survey’s design effect, a measure of the loss of statistical power due to survey design and weighting. The design effect for the full sample is 1.22 for registered voters and 1.33 for the likely electorate. The design effect for the sample of completed interviews is 1.28 for registered voters and 1.37 for the likely electorate.

Historically, The Times/Siena Poll’s error at the 95th percentile has been plus or minus 5.1 percentage points in surveys taken over the final three weeks before an election. Real-world error includes sources of error beyond sampling error, such as nonresponse bias, coverage error, late shifts among undecided voters and error in estimating the composition of the electorate.

Composition of the Sample

Group

Unweighted All R.V.s

Weighted All R.V.s

Weighted Likely Electorate

N

Gender

Men

48%

48%

47%

731

Women

51

51

52

786

Age

18 to 29

16%

16%

12%

249

30 to 44

23

23

21

346

45 to 64

33

31

33

503

65 and older

25

26

30

386

Education

High school

16%

31%

28%

252

Some college

33

31

30

512

College

27

23

25

409

Post-graduate

23

15

16

346

Home Ownership (L2 Model)

Likely renter

25%

27%

23%

387

Likely homeowner

45

45

51

694

Unknown

29

28

26

451

Marital Status (L2 Model)

Married

33%

33%

39%

511

Nontraditional

9

8

9

143

Unknown

57

59

52

878

Party (Self-Reported)

Democrat

28%

28%

29%

436

Republican

27

28

31

410

Independent

32

32

29

495

Party (Based on L2 Data)

Democrat

33%

33%

36%

506

Republican

29

29

34

447

Other

38

37

30

579

Race (L2 Model)

White

65%

63%

66%

994

Hispanic

12

12

10

187

Black

10

10

9

151

Asian

2

3

3

30

Other

3

4

4

44

Race (L2 Model)

White

65%

63%

66%

994

Nonwhite

27

29

25

413

National Region

Midwest

21%

21%

21%

329

Northeast

20

20

20

304

South

36

35

35

558

West

22

23

23

341

Turnout History (Based on L2 Data)

Voted in last midterm and in a primary

43%

41%

53%

653

Voted in last two midterms

24

22

24

365

Voted in last general, no midterm

13

13

11

203

Did not vote in last general or midterm

12

14

5

178

New registrant

9

10

7

133