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SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) mediate protection against infection by the cognate variant to distinct extents, while the majority of protection elicited by natural infection is not mediated by nAbs.
In this large interventional, randomized controlled trial, structured and individualized exercise in patients with metastatic breast cancer led to lower levels of fatigue and improved health-related quality of life.
Trained on 1.5 million whole-slide images from 100,000 patients, a pathology foundation model is shown to improve performance of specialized models in detection of rare cancers.
Proteomic prediction models developed using a large-scale dataset from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project were superior to clinical models for assessing the 10-year risk of 67 diseases across different types of pathology, including multiple myeloma, motor neuron disease, pulmonary fibrosis, celiac disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.
In a cohort of 6,785 participants from the All of Us Research Program whose sleep was monitored by a Fitbit over a median of 4.5 years, sleep duration, stages and irregularity were associated with the incidence of obesity and a number of cardiovascular and psychological disorders.
Tailored to provide diabetes management recommendations from large training and validation datasets, an artificial intelligence system integrating language and computer vision capabilities is shown to improve self-management of patients in a prospective implementation study.
In a randomized controlled trial involving 2,185 participants, patient satisfaction was improved during interactions with receptionist nurses when assisted by a large language model, with significant reductions in negative emotions and repeated questions.
In a substudy of the RATE-AF trial, which compared heart rate control therapy using digoxin or the beta-blocker bisoprolol, heart rate and physical activity data collected using a wearable device showed equivalent heart rate control by the two drugs and could be used to predict future heart failure functional class as well as standard clinical measurements.
Machine learning classifiers generated using chronic neural measurements in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder accurately predicted clinical status and deep brain stimulation response.
A risk score using only three clinical variables—age, body mass index and history of atrial fibrillation—predicts heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, an underdiagnosed condition, without the need for echocardiographic imaging.
In this triple-arm, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with the anti-PD-L1 benmelstobart, tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib and chemotherapy (CT) showed improved survival outcomes compared with anlotinib and CT or CT alone.
Preliminary findings in seven patients with mismatch repair-proficient metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated in the context of a phase 2 trial show that adoptive transfer of autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes that were retrovirally transduced with personalized neoantigen-reactive T cell receptors can be safe and induce early clinical responses.
Changes in lipidome profiles, as reflected by improvements in dietary fat quality from saturated to unsaturated fats, were associated with reduced cardiometabolic disease risk, and high-risk populations with unhealthy lipidome profiles would most benefit from an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet.
In a post-approval study including more than 17,000 patients on the safety of pulsed field ablation, a new method for treatment of atrial fibrillation, the procedure was found to have a low rate of adverse events but was associated with some unexpected rare complications that will need further study.
In an interim analysis, an artificial intelligence model was nearly four times more efficient in terms of cancers detected per number of magnetic resonance imaging tests, compared to traditional breast density measures used in a previous clinical trial.
In a Bayesian adaptive randomized trial comparing various metronomic chemotherapy regimens versus conventional chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 in women with HER2-negative breast cancer, a metronomic chemotherapy-based regimen appears to be clinically effective, with evidence that on-treatment immune changes may be trackable for assessing response.
In a re-analysis of a cluster-randomized trial on malaria-control measures, the combined intervention reduces infections up to 3 km from the point of intervention, increasing efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.
Using a curated dataset of 2,400 cases and a framework to simulate a realistic clinical setting, current large language models are shown to incur substantial pitfalls when used for autonomous clinical decision-making.
Drawing on 51,269 participants across 9 independent, geographically diverse datasets, an AI model identifies the etiologies contributing to dementia in individuals, harnessing a broad array of data, including demographics, medical history, medication use, neuropsychological assessments, functional evaluations, and multimodal neuroimaging.