From Middle English snesen (“to sneeze”), alteration of earlier fnesen (“to sneeze”), from Old English fnēosan (“to sneeze, snort”), from Proto-West Germanic *fneusan, from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, snort, sneeze”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch fniezen (“to sneeze”), Old Norse fnýsa (“to snort”).
Compare neeze, from Middle English nesen, from Old English *hnēosan (“to sneeze”), cognate with Old High German niosan (“to sneeze”), Old Norse hnjósa (“to sneeze”). See neeze.
It has been suggested that the change could be due to a misinterpretation of the uncommon initial sequence fn- as ſn- (sn- written with a long s),[1][2][3] although the change is regular, seen also in snore and snort from Middle English fnoren and fnorten, and in late Middle English snatted from earlier Middle English fnatted (“snub-nosed”). The fn- forms of all these words fell out of use in the 1400s.
sneeze (third-person singular simple present sneezes, present participle sneezing, simple past sneezed or (obsolete or humorous) snoze, past participle sneezed or (obsolete or humorous) snozen)
- (intransitive, medicine) To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.
To avoid passing on your illness, you should sneeze into your sleeve.
- (intransitive) To expel air as if the nose were irritated.
- (transitive) To expel or displace (air, snot, etc) from the nose or mouth by the process above.
1924, Hugh Wiley, The Prowler, page 88:Lily shook her head violently and sneezed a large blue-bottle fly from where that insect had perched itself on the tip of her nose.
2010, Gunleen Deol, Sleepover Disaster, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 15:When I crossed the road, I sneezed a big achoo! My nose started to feel itchy.
2013, Sarah Hines-Stephens, Jane B. Mason, A Dog and His Girl Mysteries #2: Dead Man's Best Friend, Scholastic Inc., →ISBN:I sneezed a big sneeze. It was so big I hit my nose on the sidewalk. Bow-ow. There was a smell in my snout that I wanted to get rid of. And it wasn't Muffet's rotten soup odor, either. That was actually kind of delicious.
2014, Fowler DeWitt, The Contagious Colors of Mumpley Middle School, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 89:“Okay,”he said, and sneezed a large drop of pinkish goop. “But you better have a lot to eat! I'll race you upstairs!” Wilmer shook his head. Sherman's hyper energy level seemed to have increased, and that was saying a lot.
2017, Cressida Cowell, How to Train Your Dragon: How to Betray a Dragon's Hero, Hachette Children's, →ISBN:Toothless sneezed a large amount of dragon snot right in Hiccup's face.
expel air as a reflex
- Ainu: エㇱナ (esna)
- Albanian: teshtij (sq)
- Arabic: عَطَسَ (ʕaṭasa)
- Moroccan Arabic: عْطس (ʕṭəs)
- Armenian: փռշտալ (hy) (pʻṙštal)
- Aromanian: stãrnut
- Assamese: হাঁচিয়া (hãsia), হাঁচ (hãs), হাঁচি মাৰ (hãsi mar)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܵܛܹܫ (ˁāṭēš), ܬܵܦܹܬ (tāpēt)
- Asturian: espirriar, estornudar
- Azerbaijani: asqırmaq (az)
- Basque: zintz egin
- Belarusian: чхаць impf (čxacʹ), чхнуць pf (čxnucʹ), чыха́ць impf (čyxácʹ), чыхну́ць pf (čyxnúcʹ)
- Bengali: হাঁচি দেত্তয়া (hãci dettoẏa)
- Bikol Central: bahon (bcl)
- Bulgarian: ки́хам impf (kíham), ки́хна pf (kíhna)
- Burmese: ချေ (my) (hkye)
- Catalan: esternudar (ca)
- Cebuano: bahon
- Cherokee: ᏚᏴᏍᏙᏯᏍᎦ (duyvsdoyasga)
- Chickasaw: habishko
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 打乞嗤 (daa2 hat1 ci1)
- Dungan: да пынти (da pɨnti), чён (či͡on)
- Hokkien: 拍咳啾 (phah-ka-chhiùⁿ)
- Mandarin: 打噴嚏/打喷嚏 (zh) (dǎ pēntì)
- Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁϣ (antaš) (Sahidic), ⲁⲛⲑⲁϣ (anthaš) (Bohairic)
- Czech: kýchat (cs) impf, kýchnout pf
- Danish: nyse
- Dutch: niezen (nl)
- Dzongkha: ཨག་ཚི་རྐྱབ་པ (ag tshi rkyab pa)
- Esperanto: terni (eo)
- Estonian: aevastama (et)
- Faroese: njósa
- Fataluku: fahine
- Finnish: aivastaa (fi)
- French: éternuer (fr)
- Friulian: starnudâ
- Galician: esbirrar (gl), esbechar, esbichar, espirrar (gl), espurrar (gl), espurriñar, turniscar
- Georgian: აცემინებს (aceminebs)
- German: niesen (de)
- Alemannic German: ernüüsse
- Greek: φταρνίζομαι (el) (ftarnízomai), φτερνίζομαι (el) (fternízomai), πταρνίζομαι (el) (ptarnízomai)
- Ancient: πτάρνυμαι (ptárnumai)
- Hebrew: לְהִתְעַטֵשׁ (lehit'atésh)
- Hiligaynon: atsi
- Hindi: छींकना (chī̃knā)
- Hungarian: tüsszent (hu)
- Hunsrik: niese
- Icelandic: hnerra (is)
- Ido: sternutar (io)
- Indonesian: bersin (id)
- Ingrian: aivastaa, aivastaissa
- Irish: lig sraoth
- Italian: starnutire (it)
- Japanese: くしゃみをする (ja) (kushami o suru), しゃみをする (shami o suru)
- Javanese: wahing (jv)
- Kaingang: asĩg
- Kazakh: түшкіру (tüşkıru)
- Khmer: កណ្ដាស់ (km) (kɑndah)
- Kinaray-a: bahën
- Korean: 재채기하다 (ko) (jaechaegihada)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: پژمین (pijmîn)
- Northern Kurdish: bêhnijîn (ku)
- Kyrgyz: чүчкүрүү (cückürüü)
- Ladino: sarnudar
- Lao: ຈາມ (chām)
- Latgalian: škauduot
- Latin: sternuō, sternūtō
- Latvian: šķaudīt
- Lithuanian: čiaudėti
- Macedonian: кива impf (kiva), кивнува pf (kivnuva)
- Maguindanao: baan
- Malay: bersin
- Malayalam: ഓമ്പുക (ōmpuka)
- Maltese: tgħatas
- Manchu: ᠶᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ (yacihiyambi)
- Maori: matihe, mātihetihe (several times), tihe, matihe, tihei, matihei, tihewa
- Maranao: ba'an
- Mbyá Guaraní: axiã
- Middle English: snesen
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: найтаах (mn) (najtaax)
- Norman: êtèrnuer (Jersey)
- Northern Sami: gastit
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: nyse (no)
- Occitan: esternudar (oc)
- Old English: fnēosan
- Pennsylvania German: niese
- Persian: عطسه کردن (fa) ('atse kardan)
- Polish: kichać (pl) impf, kichnąć (pl) pf
- Portuguese: espirrar (pt)
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਨਿੱਛ ਮਾਰਨੀ (niccha mārnī), ਨਿੱਛਣਾ (nicchaṇā), ਛਿੱਕਣਾ (chikkaṇā), ਨਿੱਛ ਆਉਣੀ (niccha āuṇī),
- Shahmukhi: نِچّھ مارنِی (nicch mārnī), نِچّھݨا (nicchṇā), چھِکّݨا (chikkṇā), نِچّھ آؤݨِی (nicch ā'oṇī)
- Quechua: achhiy
- Romanian: strănuta (ro)
- Romansch: starnidar, sturnidar, stirnidar, starnüder, starnüdar
- Russian: чиха́ть (ru) impf (čixátʹ), чихну́ть (ru) pf (čixnútʹ)
- Sardinian: isturridai, isturridare, isturritare, isturrudai, isturrudare, sturridai
- Scottish Gaelic: sreothart
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ки́хати impf, ки́хнути pf
- Roman: kíhati (sh) impf, kíhnuti (sh) pf
- Shor: аспырарға (aspırarğa)
- Sicilian: stranutari
- Slovak: kýchať impf, kýchnuť pf
- Slovene: kihati (sl) impf, kihniti pf
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: tśichaś impf, kichaś impf
- Southern Sami: gesnedh
- Spanish: estornudar (es)
- Swedish: nysa (sv)
- Tagalog: bumahin, humatsing
- Tajik: атса задан (atsa zadan), атса кардан (atsa kardan)
- Tatar: төчкерү (töçkerü)
- Telugu: తుమ్ము (te) (tummu)
- Tetum: fani
- Thai: จาม (th) (jaam)
- Turkish: hapşırmak (tr), aksırmak (tr)
- Turkmen: asgyrmak (tk)
- Ukrainian: чха́ти impf (čxáty), чхну́ти pf (čxnúty), чиха́ти impf (čyxáty), чихну́ти pf (čyxnúty)
- Urdu: چهینکنا (chīṅknā), چھینک مارنا (chīṅk mārnā)
- Uyghur: چۈشكۈرمەك (chüshkürmek)
- Uzbek: aksirmoq (uz), chuchkirmoq (uz)
- Venetian: starnudar
- Vietnamese: hắt hơi (vi), hắt xì (vi), nhảy mũi (vi)
- Vilamovian: nisa
- Volapük: snidön (vo)
- Walloon: stierni (wa), sprognî (wa), stiernouwer (wa)
- Welsh: tisian (cy)
- Yiddish: ניסן (nisn)
- ǃXóõ: gǂxáʻã
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sneeze (plural sneezes)
- An act of sneezing.
- Synonyms: (medicine) sternutation, (medicine) ptarmus
Jared's hay fever gives him terrible sneezes.
act of sneezing
- Ainu: エㇲナ ('esna)
- Arabic: عُطَاس m (ʕuṭās), عَطْسَة f (ʕaṭsa)
- Egyptian Arabic: عطس m (ʕaṭs)
- Moroccan Arabic: عطس m (ʕṭass)
- Armenian: փռշտոց (hy) (pʻṙštocʻ)
- Assamese: হাঁচি (hãsi)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܘܼܛܫܵܐ m (ˁuṭšā), ܬܦܵܬܵܐ m (tpātā)
- Asturian: espirríu m, estorníu m
- Belarusian: чыха́нне n (čyxánnje)
- Bulgarian: ки́хане n (kíhane)
- Catalan: esternut (ca) m
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 噴嚏/喷嚏 (zh) (pēntì)
- Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁϣ (antaš) (Sahidic), ⲁⲛⲑⲁϣ (anthaš) (Bohairic)
- Czech: kýchnutí n
- Danish: nys (da) n
- Dutch: niesen (nl), niezen (nl)
- Early Assamese: হাঞ্চি (hañci)
- Esperanto: terno
- Estonian: aevastus
- Finnish: aivastus (fi)
- French: éternuement (fr) m, atchoum (fr)
- Friulian: starnudade
- Galician: esbirro (gl) m, espirro m, debuto m
- Georgian: დაცემინება (dacemineba), ცემინება (cemineba)
- German: Niesen (de) n
- Greek: φτάρνισμα (el) n (ftárnisma), φτερνίσμα n (fternísma), πτέρνισμα (el) n (ptérnisma)
- Ancient: πταρμός m (ptarmós)
- Guaraní: atiã
- Hindi: छींक f (chī̃k)
- Hungarian: tüsszentés (hu)
- Ido: sternuto (io)
- Ingrian: aivas, aivassus
- Irish: sraoth m, sraothartach f
- Italian: starnuto (it) m
- Japanese: くしゃみ (ja) (kushami)
- Khmer: កណ្ដាស់ (km) (kan das)
- Kikuyu: mwathimũro class 3
- Korean: 재채기 (ko) (jaechaegi)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: پژمە (pijme)
- Lao: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: sternūmentum n
- Latvian: šķaudiens m
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Malay: please add this translation if you can
- Maori: tihe, tihei, matihe, mātihetihe
- Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
- Navajo: hatsʼíhyaa
- Occitan: esternut (oc) m
- Old Tupi: atîama
- Persian: عطسه (fa) ('atse), شنوشه (šenuše), اشنوسه (fa) (ešnuse)
- Polish: kichnięcie (pl) n
- Portuguese: espirro (pt) m
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi: ਨਿੱਛ f (niccha)
- Shahmukhi: نِچّھ f (nicch)
- Romanian: strănut (ro)
- Russian: чиха́ние (ru) n (čixánije)
- Serbo-Croatian: kihanje n
- Sicilian: stranutu m
- Slovak: kýchanie n
- Spanish: estornudo (es) m
- Swedish: nysning (sv) c
- Tagalog: bahing (tl), hatsing
- Telugu: తుమ్ము (te) (tummu)
- Turkish: hapşırık (tr)
- Ukrainian: чха́ння́ n (čxánnjá), чиха́ння n (čyxánnja)
- Venetian: starnudo, starnudada
- Vietnamese: cái hắt hơi (vi), cái hắt xì (vi)
- Volapük: snid (vo)
- Welsh: trew m
- Yiddish: נאָס m (nos), ניס m (nis)
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