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Timeline of crystallography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a timeline of crystallography.

17th century

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  • 1669 - In his book De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento[1] Nicolas Steno asserted that, although the number and size of crystal faces may vary from one crystal to another, the angles between corresponding faces are always the same. This was the original statement of the first law of crystallography (Steno's law).[2]

18th century

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  • 1723 - Moritz Anton Cappeller introduced the term crystallography in his book Prodromus Crystallographiae De Crystallis Improprie Sic Dictis Commentarium.[3]
  • 1766 - Pierre-Joseph Macquer, in his Dictionnaire de Chymie, promoted mechanisms of crystallization based on the idea that crystals are composed of polyhedral molecules (primitive integrantes).[4]
  • 1772 - Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle developed geometrical ideas on crystal structure in his Essai de Cristallographie. He also described the twinning phenomenon in crystals.[5]
  • 1781 - Abbé René Just Haüy (often termed the "Father of Modern Crystallography"[6]) discovered that crystals always cleave along crystallographic planes. Based on this observation, and the fact that the inter-facial angles in each crystal species always have the same value, Haüy concluded that crystals must be periodic and composed of regularly arranged rows of tiny polyhedra (molécules intégrantes). This theory explained why all crystal planes are related by small rational numbers (the law of rational indices).[7][8]
  • 1783 - Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle in the second edition of his Cristallographie used the contact goniometer to discover the law of constant interfacial angles: angles are constant and characteristic for crystals of the same chemical substance.[9]
  • 1784 - René Just Haüy published his law of decrements: a crystal is composed of molecules arranged periodically in three dimensions.[10]
  • 1795 - René Just Haüy lectured on his law of symmetry: "the manner in which Nature creates crystals is always obeying ... the law of the greatest possible symmetry, in the sense that oppositely situated but corresponding parts are always equal in number, arrangement, and form of their faces".[11]

19th century

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20th century

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21st century

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References

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  5. ^ Romé de l'Isle, J.-B. L. (1772). Essai de Cristallographie, Knapen & Delaguete, Paris
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Further reading

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Crystallography before 20th century

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Crystallography in the 20th century and beyond

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History of X-ray crystallography

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History of electron crystallography

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History of neutron crystallography

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History of NMR crystallography

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History of structure determination

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History of macromolecular crystallography

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History of crystallographic organizations and journals

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