Portal:Telephones

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A telephone, colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived from Ancient Greek: τῆλε, romanized: tēle, lit. 'far' and φωνή (phōnē, voice), together meaning distant voice.

In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable in business, government, and in households. (Full article...)

A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone (landline phone). The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture, and therefore mobile telephones are called cellphones (or "cell phones") in North America. In addition to telephony, digital mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, Internet access (via LTE, 5G NR or Wi-Fi), short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), satellite access (navigation, messaging connectivity), business applications, payments (via NFC), multimedia playback and streaming (radio, television), digital photography, and video games. Mobile phones offering only basic capabilities are known as feature phones (slang: "dumbphones"); mobile phones that offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. (Full article...)

A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities. It typically has a touchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such as web browsing, email, and social media, as well as multimedia playback and streaming. Smartphones have built-in cameras, GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls, text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps. (Full article...)

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The telephone booth, November 2012

The Prairie Grove Airlight Outdoor Telephone Booth is a telephone booth installed at the southwest corner of East Douglas and Parker Streets in Prairie Grove, Arkansas, United States. It is an early example of the Airlight, the first American mass-produced weather-resistant metal telephone booth, which made possible widespread installation of outdoor payphones. In 2015, it became the first phone booth on the National Register of Historic Places. (Full article...)

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Grillo telephone designed by Richard Sapper and Marco Zanuso

The Grillo telephone is a 1960s flip phone telephone from Italy. It was designed by Richard Sapper and Marco Zanuso, and introduced in 1967. The "Grillo" was manufactured by Italtel, a subsidiary former state-owned telecommunications company SIP (now part of Telecom Italia), and remained in production until 1979. It was a popular and iconic symbol of 1960s Italian design. (Full article...)

List of phone types
Payphone Courtesy telephone Emergency telephone Secure telephone Smartphone Mobile phone Satellite phone Phablet Car phone Windows Phone Camera phone Feature phone VoIP phone iPhone Tin can telephone Sound-powered telephone Golden telephone Reis telephone Cordless telephone Shoe phone Field telephone IBM Simon Mobile radio telephone Foldable smartphone Modular smartphone Prepaid mobile phone

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2600 Hz

A 2600 Hz tone (LOUD)

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2600 hertz (2600 Hz) is a frequency in hertz (cycles per second) that was used in telecommunication signaling in mid-20th century long-distance telephone networks using carrier systems. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various telephone-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone. (from Mobile phone)
Image 2Android smartphones (from Mobile phone)
Image 3This layout of the camera viewfinder was first introduced by Apple with iOS 7 in 2013. Towards the late 2010s, several other smartphone vendors have ditched their layouts and implemented variations of this layout. (from Smartphone)
Image 4Antonio Meucci's telephone. (from History of the telephone)
Image 5Mobile payment system (from Mobile phone)
Image 6Top of cellular telephone tower (from History of the telephone)
Image 7Thomas Edison invented the carbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. (from History of the telephone)
Image 8IBM Simon and charging base (1994) (from Smartphone)
Image 9"Device options" menu of Samsung Mobile's TouchWiz user interface as of 2013, accessed by holding the power button for a second (from Smartphone)
Image 10Tivadar Puskás proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876. (from History of the telephone)
Image 11Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992 (from Mobile phone)
Image 121917 wall telephone, open to show magneto and local battery (from History of the telephone)
Image 131896 Telephone (Sweden) (from History of the telephone)
Image 14A New York City driver holding two phones (from Smartphone)
Image 15The back of a Huawei P30. It features three rear-facing camera lenses with Leica optics. (from Smartphone)
Image 16The back of a Nokia 9 PureView. It features a five-lens camera array with Zeiss optics, using a mixture of color and monochrome sensors. (from Smartphone)
Image 17Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated. (from Mobile phone)
Image 18
Bell prototype telephone stamp
Centennial Issue of 1976
(from History of the telephone)
Image 19Several BlackBerry smartphones, which were highly popular in the mid-late 2000s (from Smartphone)
Image 20A high-capacity portable battery charger (power bank) (from Smartphone)
Image 21Philipp Reis, 1861, constructed the first telephone, today called the Reis telephone. (from History of the telephone)
Image 22Inserted memory and SIM cards (from Smartphone)
Image 23Private conversation, 1910 (from History of the telephone)
Image 24The master telephone patent granted to Bell, 174465, March 10, 1876 (from History of the telephone)
Image 25People using phones while walking (from Mobile phone)
Image 26A Moto G7 Power; its display uses a tall aspect ratio and includes a "notch". (from Smartphone)
Image 27Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. (from History of the telephone)
Image 28A sign along Bellaire Boulevard in Southside Place, Texas (Greater Houston) states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 am to 9:00 am and from 2:00 pm to 4:15 pm. (from Smartphone)
Image 29The Nokia 9110 Communicator, opened for access to keyboard (from Smartphone)
Image 30Mobile/desktop convergence: the Librem 5 smartphone can be used as a basic desktop computer (from Smartphone)
Image 31Tooltip in Kiwi Browser, a Google Chromium derivative, reveals the full URL by hovering over the tab list using the stylus on a Samsung Galaxy Note 4. (from Smartphone)
Image 32Actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell in a 1932 silent film. Shows Bell's second telephone transmitter (microphone), invented 1876 and first displayed at the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia. (from History of the telephone)
Image 33Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems, 1997–2003 (from Mobile phone)
Image 34A Meizu MX4 with Flyme OS (from Smartphone)
Image 35A smartphone touchscreen (from Smartphone)
Image 36A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm) (from Mobile phone)
Image 37Mobile payment system. (from Smartphone)
Image 38A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once (from Mobile phone)
Image 39Scrapped mobile phones (from Mobile phone)
Image 40Typical mobile phone mini-SIM card (from Mobile phone)
Image 41E-waste in Agbogbloshie (from Smartphone)
Image 42A text message (SMS) (from Mobile phone)
Image 43Apple iPhone smartphone (from History of the telephone)
Image 44Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. (from History of the telephone)
Image 45Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992 Motorola DynaTAC 8000X to the 2014 iPhone 6 Plus (from Mobile phone)
Image 46Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (from Mobile phone)
Image 47Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1-f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference (from Mobile phone)
Image 48Optical track pad sensor of an HTC Legend, 2010. (from Smartphone)
Image 49Old Receiver schematic, c.1906 (from History of the telephone)
Image 50A German rotary dial telephone, the W48 (from History of the telephone)
Image 51The LG Prada with a large capacitive touchscreen introduced in 2006 (from Smartphone)
Image 52A 19th century acoustic tin can or "lovers' telephone" (from History of the telephone)
Image 53Smartphone with infrared transmitter on top for use as remote control (from Smartphone)
Image 54A French Gower telephone of 1912 at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris (from History of the telephone)
Image 55Historical marker commemorating the first telephone central office in New York State (1878) (from History of the telephone)
Image 56The HTC Desire, a 2010 smartphone with optical trackpad and search button (from Smartphone)
Image 57A Samsung Galaxy S20 Plus, featuring a "hole-punch" camera (from Smartphone)
Image 58A smartphone displaying the homepage of the English Wikipedia (from Smartphone)
Image 59The original Apple iPhone; following its introduction the common smartphone form factor shifted to large touchscreen software interfaces without physical keypads (from Smartphone)
Image 60Antonio Meucci, 1854, constructed telephone-like devices. (from History of the telephone)
Image 61Martin Cooper of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973. (from Mobile phone)
Image 62A user consulting a mapping app on a phone (from Smartphone)

Selected biography

Watson, c. 1883

Thomas Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 – December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies
Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison Innocenzo Manzetti Charles Bourseul Johann Philipp Reis Antonio Meucci Tivadar Puskás Douglas H. Ring W. Rae Young Martin Cooper (inventor) Thomas Cowherd Gardiner Greene Hubbard Anthony Pollok Elisha Gray George Sweigert Pat Fleet John Draper

Selected images

Image 1Android smartphones
Image 2Photograph of the interior of the Prairie Grove Airlight Outdoor Telephone Booth in Prairie Grove, Arkansas, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Image 3A historic telephone booth in Skansen, Stockholm
Image 4An example of a K6, the most common red telephone box model, photographed in London in 2012
Image 5A cordless phone
Image 6Foldable smartphones
Image 7A Northern Electric telephone, model number N415H, circa 1950 (probably)
Image 8Automatic electric Rotary dial telephone
Image 9Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 10A Western Electric candlestick phone from the 1920s
Image 11A police box outside Earl's Court tube station in London, built in 1996 and based on the 1929 Gilbert Mackenzie Trench design
Image 12Emergency telephones, on the Paris-Bordeaux railway line, Saint-Saviol station, Vienne, France
Image 13Telephone booth box art outside the Tower of London, 2012
Image 14An Italian gettone telefonico (telephone token) from 1945, which was used in Italian phone booths
Image 15Public telephone, Bucharest, Romania
Image 16Push-button telephone
Image 17Landline call blocking in use
Image 18Track-side emergency brake and emergency telephones at the platform of the metro station Aspern Nord, Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
Image 19The AUTOVON was a worldwide American military telephone system that was built starting in 1963.
Image 20A Bell Canada payphone with digital display
Image 21Historical telephone with the German imperial eagle and the heraldic shield of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty; Vollmer's Mill, Seebach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Image 22A Funke + Huster telephone inside the Idrija Mine, Slovenia
Image 23Apple iPhones
Image 24Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 25Wooden wall telephone with a hand-cranked magneto generator
Image 26Acoustic telephone ad, The Consolidated Telephone Co., Jersey City, New Jersey, 1886
Image 27Mailbox and public telephone in Haßfurt, Germany
Image 28A traditional North American rotary phone dial. The associative lettering was originally used for dialing named exchanges but was kept because it facilitated memorization of telephone numbers.

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Telephones in the news

20 July 2024 –: The government of Equatorial Guinea suspends internet and telephone services on the separatist island of Annobón, with the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization condemning the suspension. (Agencia NOVA)
19 July 2024 – 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement: The government of Bangladesh cut off internet, mobile phone, and TV broadcast services in the country, instituting a media blackout. (France 24)
2 July 2024 –: Floods in northern Myanmar trap thousands of people in their homes and cause power outages and disruptions to telephone services. (Barron's)

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v t e Telephony
Types	Landline Cable telephony Mobile phone Satellite phone Photophone
Accessories	Answering machine Caller ID
Connectivity	Cable protection system Communications satellites Fibre-optical Free-space optical ISDN Mobile phone signal POTS PSTN Submarine cables VoIP
Calls	Missed call Misdialed call Nuisance call Phone tag
Applications	Fax transmission Telephone calls Telephone newspapers Théâtrophone Video calls
Telecommunication portal Telephones portal

v t e Emergency telephone numbers
Emergency telephone Harmonised service of social value
000 (Australia) 102 (India) 106 (Australia) 108 (India) 110 (Iran, Japan, China) 111 (New Zealand) 112 (Europe and others, worldwide GSM mobile networks) 119 (parts of Asia and Jamaica) 120 (China) 122 (Austria, Egypt, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) 123 (Colombia, Egypt) 128 (Mercosur member states) 190 (Brazil) 911 (Iraq, North America E-911 system, Philippines) 988 (North America Suicide & Crisis Lifeline) 999 (Bangladesh, UK and others) 1122 (Pakistan)
Telephones portal Telecommunication portal List article Category Wikimedia Commons