Egypt Arabic : مصر Miṣr [mesˁr] Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr] Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast , the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia . Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt , while Alexandria , the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast . At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world , and the third-most populated in Africa.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.
Egypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record . Islam is the official religion of Egypt, and Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world , and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the largest in Africa , the 38th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 127th by nominal GDP per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Arab League , the African Union , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , World Youth Forum , and a member of BRICS . (Full article...
Islamic Cairo Arabic : قاهرة المعز , romanized : Qāhira al-Muʿizz lit. Al-Mu'izz's Cairo'), or Medieval Cairo , officially Historic Cairo (القاهرة التاريخية al-Qāhira tārīkhiyya ), refers mostly to the areas of Cairo , Egypt, that were built from the Muslim conquest in 641 CE until the city's modern expansion in the 19th century during Khedive Ismail's rule, namely: the central parts within the old walled city, the historic cemeteries , the area around the Citadel of Cairo , parts of Bulaq , and Old Cairo (Arabic: مصر القديمة , lit. Roman times and includes major Coptic Christian monuments.
The name "Islamic" Cairo refers not to a greater prominence of Muslims in the area but rather to the city's rich history and heritage since its foundation in the
early period of Islam , while distinguishing it from with the nearby
Ancient Egyptian sites of
Giza and
Memphis . This area holds one of the largest and densest concentrations of
historic architecture in the
Islamic world . It is characterized by hundreds of
mosques , tombs,
madrasas , mansions,
caravanserais , and fortifications dating from throughout the
Islamic era of Egypt . (
Full article... )
List of selected articles
The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Egypt's topography (from
Egypt )
Image 2 Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 3 Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world. (from
Egypt )
Image 4 Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of
Menna at
Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 5 Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch
Mesehti (
11th dynasty ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 6 Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the
Project for Public Spaces . (from
Egypt )
Image 7 The
Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from
Egypt )
Image 8 Hosni Mubarak — president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 (from
Egypt )
Image 10 The Weighing of the Heart from the
Book of the Dead of Ani (from
Egypt )
Image 11 Egypt's population density (people per km
2 ) (from
Egypt )
Image 12 The
pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 13 Coffin of Khnumnakht in 12th dynasty style, with palace facade, columns of inscriptions, and two Wedjat eyes (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 14 Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 15 Anubis , the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 16 The
Suez Canal (from
Egypt )
Image 17 A typical
Naqada II jar decorated with gazelles (Predynastic Period) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 19 Sennedjem plows his fields in
Aaru with a pair of oxen,
Deir el-Medina . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 21 Soad Hosny , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 22 Khafre enthroned (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 23 Lower-class occupations (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 25 The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from
Egypt )
Image 26 The
Temple of Dendur , completed by 10 BC,
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 27 Prominent Egyptian dissident
Alaa Abd El-Fattah was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021. (from
Egypt )
Image 28 Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the
golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 30 Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty (from
Egypt )
Image 31 Hieroglyphs on stela in
Louvre ,
c. 1321 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 32 Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of
Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple , Deir el-Bahari (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 34 Alexandria in 2017 (from
Egypt )
Image 35 Cairo grew into a
metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million. (from
Egypt )
Image 36 Rectangular fishpond with ducks and
lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees,
Tomb of Nebamun , Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 37 Four colossal statues of
Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple
Abu Simbel . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 38 President el-Sisi with US President
Joe Biden , 11 November 2022 (from
Egypt )
Image 39 Tutankhamun charging enemies on his
chariot , 18th dynasty (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 40 The Ptolemaic Queen
Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar,
Caesarion , at the
Temple of Dendera (from
Egypt )
Image 41 The well preserved Temple of Isis from
Philae is an example of
Egyptian architecture and
architectural sculpture . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 42 The halls of Karnak Temple are built with rows of large columns. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 43 The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 44 The gods
Osiris ,
Anubis , and
Horus in the tomb of Horemheb (
KV57 ) in the Valley of the Kings (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 45 Ancient Egyptians playing music (from
Egypt )
Image 46 The
Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah , the sixth caliph, as renovated by
Dawoodi Bohra (from
Egypt )
Image 49 A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, most probably
Amenemhat II or
Senwosret II . It functioned as a divine guardian for the
imiut ; the divine kilt, suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 50 The
Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the
ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from
Egypt )
Image 52 Early tomb painting from
Nekhen ,
c. 3500 BC , Naqada, possibly Gerzeh culture (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 53 Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the
Suez Canal hit during the initial
Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from
Egypt )
Image 54 The
Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognised as the oldest in Africa (from
Egypt )
Image 55 A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the
Egypt national football team (from
Egypt )
Image 56 Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from
Egypt )
Image 57 British infantry near
El Alamein , 17 July 1942 (from
Egypt )
Image 58 The
Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 59 Egyptian honour guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen (from
Egypt )
Image 61 The
Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in
hieratic ,
c. 1550 BC . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 62 Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the
Land of Punt (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 63 Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's
Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other
Kushite kings,
Kerma Museum (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 64 Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 65 The
Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 66 Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the
Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (from
Egypt )
Image 67 The High Court of Justice in
Downtown Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 68 Salah Zulfikar , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 69 Smart Village , a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses (from
Egypt )
Image 70 Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from
Egypt )
Image 71 Rushdy Abaza of Egypt's largest aristocratic family, the
Abaza family , of maternal-
Circassian Abazin heritage. Among the most famous Egyptian and Arabic actors (from
Culture of Egypt )
Image 72 The
Egyptian Museum of Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 73 Egyptian President
Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 74 Frontispiece of
Description de l'Égypte , published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829 (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 75 Model of a household porch and garden,
c. 1981–1975 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 76 Female nationalists demonstrating in
Cairo , 1919 (from
Egypt )
Image 78 Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of
Nefermaat and his wife
Itet (
c. 2700 BC ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 79 The "weighing of the heart" scene from the
Book of the Dead (from
Egypt )
Image 80 Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in
Cairo . This adornment and beads being sold in
Muizz Street (from
Culture of Egypt )
Image 81 The preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is a model of Egyptian architecture. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 83 Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 84 Illustration of various types of capitals, by
Karl Richard Lepsius (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 85 Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 87 Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 89 The
Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 90 Napoleon defeated the
Mamluk troops in the
Battle of the Pyramids , 21 July 1798, painted by
Lejeune . (from
Egypt )
Image 91 Kushari , one of Egypt's national dishes (from
Egypt )
Image 92 The
Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from
Egypt )
Image 93 Muhammad Ali was the founder of the
Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first
Khedive of Egypt and
Sudan . (from
Egypt )
Image 95 Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta (from
Egypt )
Image 96 Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from
Egypt )
Image 97 A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of
Nakht . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 98 Naguib Mahfouz , the first Arabic-language writer to win the
Nobel Prize in Literature (from
Egypt )
Image 99 Tourists riding an
Arabian camel in front of
Pyramid of Khafre . The
Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from
Egypt )
Image 100 An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from
Egypt )
Image 102 Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the
Yom Kippur War , 1973 (from
Egypt )
Image 103 Aziz Pasha Abaza , poet from the aristocratic literay Egyptian family the
House of Abaza of
Circassian Abazin origin (from
Culture of Egypt )
Image 104 Egyptian
tomb models as funerary goods (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 105 Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna,
c. 1400 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat president of Egypt , from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk I in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 , and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser , under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin , Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter , for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize .
In his 11 years as president, he changed
Egypt 's trajectory, departing from many political and economic tenets of
Nasserism , reinstituting a
multi-party system , and launching the
Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the
Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain Egypt's
Sinai Peninsula , which
Israel had occupied since the
Six-Day War of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider
Arab World . Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the
Camp David Accords and the
Egypt–Israel peace treaty ; this won him and Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first
Muslim Nobel laureate. (
Full article... )
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