Welcome to the Portal:California. Such a lovely place.
California
State of California
Map of the United States with California highlighted
California is a state in the Western United States , lying on the American Pacific Coast . It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and a international border with the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With 39 million residents across an area of 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2 ), it is the most populous U.S. state, the third-largest by area, and most populated subnational entity in North America . The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 19 million and 10 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is the state's most populous city and the nation's second-most , after New York . California's capital , Sacramento , is located in the Central Valley .
Prior to European colonization , California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America . European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821, following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War . The California Gold Rush started in 1848 and led to social and demographic changes, including depopulation of indigenous peoples in the California genocide . The western portion of Alta California was then organized and admitted as the 31st state in 1850 , as a free state , following the Compromise of 1850 .
California's economy is the largest of any US state, with a $3.6 trillion gross state product . It is the largest sub-national economy in the world. California's agricultural industry has the highest output of any U.S. state, and is led by its dairy , almonds , and grapes . With the busiest port in the country (Los Angeles ), California plays a pivotal role in the global supply chain, hauling in about 40% of goods imported to the US. 84% of residents 25 or older hold a high school degree , the lowest high school education rate of all 50 states . Despite a continuing exodus of businesses from Downtown San Francisco and Downtown Los Angeles , California retains one of the largest number of Fortune 500 companies. (Full article... )
Damage at the Port Chicago Pier after the explosion of July 17, 1944
The Port Chicago disaster was a deadly munitions explosion of the ship SS E. A. Bryan on July 17, 1944, at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago, California , United States. Munitions being loaded onto a cargo vessel bound for the Pacific Theater of Operations detonated, killing 320 sailors and civilians and injuring at least 390 others.
A month later, the unsafe conditions prompted hundreds of servicemen to refuse to load munitions, an act known as the Port Chicago Mutiny . More than 200 were convicted of various charges. Fifty of these men—called the "Port Chicago 50 "—were convicted of mutiny and sentenced to 15 years of prison and hard labor , as well as a dishonorable discharge . Forty-seven of the 50 were released in January 1946; the remaining three served additional months in prison. During and after the mutiny court-martial , questions were raised about the fairness and legality of the proceedings. Owing to public pressure, the United States Navy reconvened the courts-martial board in 1945—that board re-affirmed convictions. Those convictions stood until 2024, when the Navy exonerated all 256 men convicted during the courts-martial, including the Port Chicago 50. (Full article... )
The following are images from various California-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo , established in 1770, was the headquarters of the
Californian mission system from 1797 until 1833. (from
History of California )
Image 3 San Francisco harbor,
c. 1850 –51. (from
History of California )
Image 4 Forces raising the U.S. flag over the
Monterey Customhouse following their victory at the
Battle of Monterey (from
History of California )
Image 7 "Independent Gold Hunter on His Way to California", c. 1850 (from
History of California )
Image 10 Founded by
Vicente Francisco de Sarría in 1817,
Mission San Rafael Arcángel , was the last mission founded during the Spanish period. (from
History of California )
Image 11 Between 1846 and 1873, U.S. government agents waged an extermination campaign against
Indigenous Californians , known as the
California genocide , resulting in as many as 100,000 deaths. (from
History of California )
Image 12 Francis Drake 's 1579 landing in "
New Albion " (modern-day
Point Reyes ); engraving by
Theodor De Bry , 1590. (from
History of California )
Image 13 Map of the
Butterfield Overland Mail routes through California, c. 1858. (from
History of California )
Image 15 The railway station in
Sacramento in 1874. (from
History of California )
Image 18 The
University of California, Berkeley is the flagship school of the University of California system. (from
Culture of California )
Image 19 Junípero Serra conducting the first
mass in
Monterey Bay in 1770. (from
History of California )
Image 21 California was often depicted as an island , due to the
Baja California peninsula , from the 16th to the 18th centuries, such as in this 1650 map by cartographer
Johannes Vingboons . (from
History of California )
Image 22 The Spanish founded
Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1776, the third to be established of the
Californian missions . (from
History of California )
Image 23 Depiction of the revolt of the
Mission Indians against padre
Luis Jayme at
Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1775. (from
History of California )
Image 24 The
Treaty of Cahuenga , signed at the
Campo de Cahuenga in 1847 by Californio general
Andrés Pico and American general
John C. Frémont , proclaimed a ceasefire under an American victory. The
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , signed a year later in 1848, officially ended the
Mexican–American War and formally ceded
Alta California to the United States. (from
History of California )
Image 26 The American capture of
San Diego by the
USS Cyane in 1846 (from
History of California )
Image 27 The 1835
Manifiesto a la República Mejicana , by
José Figueroa , was the first book published in California (from
Culture of California )
Image 28 Mission San Francisco Solano , founded in 1823 by order of Governor
Luis Antonio Argüello , was the last Californian mission established. (from
History of California )
Image 29 Angustias de la Guerra played a crucial role in defending
women's property rights during the drafting of the Constitution of California. (from
History of California )
Image 30 California's first State Capitol building in
San Jose , which served as the capital of California 1850–51. (from
History of California )
Image 35 Depiction of the
Donner Party heading west on the
California Trail . (from
History of California )
Image 36 Mission Santa Barbara , founded in 1786, was the first mission to be established by
Fermín de Lasuén . (from
History of California )
Image 37 General
Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo reviewing his troops in
Sonoma in 1846. (from
History of California )
Image 40 Bilingual English-Spanish sign in the
Colorado Desert of
Southern California . (from
Culture of California )
Image 41 Advertisement for sailing to California, c. 1850. (from
History of California )
Image 43 In-N-Out burgers (from
Culture of California )
Image 44 Portrait of an "
assimilated "
Maidu man in
Sacramento , 1867. (from
History of California )
Image 49 Map of Spain's
Manila galleon trade routes, showing routes between the
Spanish East Indies and
Acapulco passing along the
coast of California . (from
History of California )
Image 50 A Southern Pacific Train at
Arcade Depot , Los Angeles, 1891 (from
History of California )
Image 52 Joaquín Murrieta , called the "
Robin Hood of California", was a notorious
outlaw during the
California Gold Rush . He served as inspiration for
Zorro , the famed Californian bandit-hero. (from
History of California )
Image 54 Portrait of a
Californio in traditional
vaquero clothing. Californios benefitted immensely by the establishment of the
ranchos of California , following the
Mexican secularization act of 1833 . (from
History of California )
Image 57 Map of the route taken by the
Anza Expedition of 1775–76, from the
Presidio of Tubac to
San Francisco Bay . (from
History of California )
Image 58 The 1562 map of the Americas, created by Spanish cartographer
Diego Gutiérrez , which applied
the name California for the first time. (from
History of California )
Image 59 Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , founded in 1771 by padres Pedro Benito Cambón and Ángel de la Somera. (from
History of California )
I've been in California for about 15 years now. You're always in your car and insulated. I miss New York so much.
Image 1 Andre Romell Young (born February 18, 1965), known professionally as
Dr. Dre , is an American record producer, rapper, record executive, and actor. He is the founder and
CEO of
Aftermath Entertainment and
Beats Electronics , and co-founded and was the president of
Death Row Records . Dre began his career as a member of the
World Class Wreckin' Cru in 1984, and later found fame with the
gangsta rap group
N.W.A . The group popularized explicit lyrics in
hip hop to detail the violence of street life. During the early 1990s, Dre was credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of
West Coast G-funk , a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a
synthesizer foundation and slow, heavy production.
Released as Death Row's first major project, Dr. Dre's solo debut studio album,
The Chronic (1992) made him one of the best-selling American music artists of 1993. It earned him a
Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance with the single "
Let Me Ride ", as well as several accolades for the single "
Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang " (featuring Snoop Dogg). That year, he produced Death Row labelmate
Snoop Doggy Dogg 's debut album
Doggystyle , and mentored producers such as his stepbrother
Warren G (leading to the multi-platinum debut
Regulate... G Funk Era in 1994) and Snoop Dogg's cousin
Daz Dillinger (leading to the double-platinum debut
Dogg Food by
Tha Dogg Pound in 1995), as he would mentor other producers including
Mel-Man and
Scott Storch . In 1996, Dre left Death Row Records to establish his own label, Aftermath Entertainment; his compilation album,
Dr. Dre Presents: The Aftermath (1996) and second studio album,
2001 (1999) followed thereafter. (
Full article... )
Image 3 Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9, 1903 – August 9, 1979) was an American sports executive who owned the
Brooklyn /
Los Angeles Dodgers team in
Major League Baseball from 1950 to 1979. In 1958, as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the
West Coast , moving the Dodgers from
Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers being the second most profitable team in baseball from 1946 to 1956, and coordinating the move of the
New York Giants to San Francisco at a time when there were no teams west of
Kansas City, Missouri . In 2008, O'Malley was elected to the
National Baseball Hall of Fame for his contributions to and influence on the game of baseball.
O'Malley's father,
Edwin Joseph O'Malley , was politically connected. Walter, a
University of Pennsylvania salutatorian , went on to obtain a
Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), and he used the combination of his family connections, his personal contacts, and both his educational and vocational skills to rise to prominence. First, he became an entrepreneur involved in
public works contracting, and then he became an executive with the Dodgers. He progressed from being a team lawyer to being both the Dodgers' owner and president, and he eventually made the business decision to relocate the Dodgers franchise. Although he moved the franchise, O'Malley is known as a businessman whose major philosophy was stability through loyalty to and from his employees. (
Full article... )
Image 5 Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal (
JIL -ən-hawl,
Swedish: [ˈjʏ̂lːɛnˌhɑːl] ; born December 19, 1980) is an American actor who
has worked prolifically on screen and stage in a career spanning over thirty years. Born into the
Gyllenhaal family , he is the son of film director
Stephen Gyllenhaal and screenwriter
Naomi Foner , and the younger brother of actress
Maggie Gyllenhaal . He began acting as a child, making his acting debut in
City Slickers (1991), followed by roles in his father's films
A Dangerous Woman (1993) and
Homegrown (1998). His breakthrough roles were as
Homer Hickam in the biographical drama film
October Sky (1999) and as a psychologically troubled teenager in the thriller film
Donnie Darko (2001). Gyllenhaal expanded to big-budget films with a starring role in the 2004 disaster film
The Day After Tomorrow .
Gyllenhaal played
Jack Twist in
Ang Lee 's 2005 romantic drama
Brokeback Mountain , for which he won a
BAFTA Award and was nominated for an
Academy Award . His career progressed with starring roles in the thriller
Zodiac (2007), the romantic comedy
Love & Other Drugs (2010), and the science fiction film
Source Code (2011). Further acclaim came with his roles in
Denis Villeneuve 's thrillers
Prisoners (2013) and
Enemy (2013), and he received nominations for the
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performances as a manipulative journalist in
Nightcrawler (2014) and a troubled writer in
Nocturnal Animals (2016). His highest-grossing release came with the
Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), in which he portrayed
Mysterio . After playing a supporting role in the drama
Wildlife (2018), Gyllenhaal starred in action or thriller projects, including the films
The Guilty (2021),
Ambulance (2022) and
Road House (2024), as well as the series
Presumed Innocent (2024). (
Full article... )
Image 6 Paul Norton "
Pete "
McCloskey Jr. (September 29, 1927 – May 8, 2024) was an American politician who represented
San Mateo County, California , as a
Republican in the
U.S. House of Representatives from 1967 to 1983.
Born in
Loma Linda, California , McCloskey pursued a legal career in
Palo Alto, California , after graduating from
Stanford Law School . He served in the
Korean War as a member of the
United States Marine Corps . For his service, he was awarded the
Navy Cross and the
Silver Star . He won election to the House of Representatives in 1967, defeating
Shirley Temple in the Republican primary. He co-authored the 1973
Endangered Species Act . He unsuccessfully challenged President
Richard Nixon in the
1972 Republican primaries on an anti-
Vietnam War platform and was the first member of Congress to publicly call for President Nixon's resignation after the
Saturday Night Massacre . (
Full article... )
Image 7 John Griffith Chaney (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916), better known as
Jack London , was an American novelist, journalist and activist. A pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors to become an international celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction.
London was part of the radical literary group "The Crowd" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of
animal welfare ,
workers' rights and
socialism . London wrote several works dealing with these topics, such as his
dystopian novel The Iron Heel , his non-fiction
exposé The People of the Abyss ,
War of the Classes , and
Before Adam . (
Full article... )
Image 8 Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as
Katy Perry , is an American singer, songwriter, and television personality. Perry is one of the
best-selling music artists of all time , having sold over 143 million units worldwide. She is known for her influence on
pop music and her
camp style, being dubbed the "
Queen of Camp " by
Vogue and
Rolling Stone . With an estimated net worth of $350 million, Perry is
one of the world's wealthiest musicians .
At 16, Perry released a
gospel record titled
Katy Hudson (2001) under
Red Hill Records , which was commercially unsuccessful. She moved to Los Angeles at 17 to venture into
secular music, and later adopted the stage name "Katy Perry" from her mother's maiden name. She recorded an album while signed to
Columbia Records , but was dropped before signing to
Capitol Records . Perry rose to fame with
One of the Boys (2008), a
pop rock record containing her debut single "
I Kissed a Girl " and follow-up single "
Hot n Cold ", which reached number one and three on the U.S.
Billboard Hot 100 respectively. (
Full article... )
Image 9 J. Robert Oppenheimer (born
Julius Robert Oppenheimer ;
OP -ən-hy-mər; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American
theoretical physicist who served as the director of the
Manhattan Project 's
Los Alamos Laboratory during
World War II . He is often called the "father of the
atomic bomb " for his role in overseeing the development of the first nuclear weapons.
Born in New York City, Oppenheimer obtained a degree in chemistry from
Harvard University in 1925 and a
doctorate in physics from the
University of Göttingen in Germany in 1927, studying under
Max Born . After research at other institutions, he joined the physics faculty at the
University of California, Berkeley , where he was made a full professor in 1936. Oppenheimer made significant contributions to physics in the fields of
quantum mechanics and
nuclear physics , including the
Born–Oppenheimer approximation for molecular
wave functions ; work on the theory of
positrons ,
quantum electrodynamics , and
quantum field theory ; and the
Oppenheimer–Phillips process in
nuclear fusion . With his students, he also made major contributions to
astrophysics , including the theory of
cosmic ray showers, and the theory of
neutron stars and
black holes . (
Full article... )
Image 10 Melvin Jerome Blanc (born
Blank ; May 30, 1908 – July 10, 1989) was an American voice actor and radio personality whose career spanned over 60 years. During the
Golden Age of Radio , he provided character voices and vocal sound effects for comedy radio programs, including those of
Jack Benny ,
Abbott and Costello ,
Burns and Allen ,
The Great Gildersleeve ,
Judy Canova , and his own
short-lived sitcom .
However, he became known worldwide for his work in the
Golden Age of American Animation as the voices of
Bugs Bunny ,
Daffy Duck ,
Tweety ,
Sylvester the Cat ,
Yosemite Sam ,
Foghorn Leghorn , the
Tasmanian Devil , and numerous other characters from the
Looney Tunes and
Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons . Blanc also voiced the
Looney Tunes characters
Porky Pig and
Elmer Fudd after replacing their original performers
Joe Dougherty and
Arthur Q. Bryan , respectively, although he occasionally voiced Elmer during Bryan's lifetime as well. He later voiced characters for
Hanna-Barbera 's television cartoons, including
Barney Rubble and
Dino on
The Flintstones ,
Mr. Spacely on
The Jetsons ,
Secret Squirrel on
The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show , the title character of
Speed Buggy , and Captain Caveman on
Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels and
The Flintstone Kids . (
Full article... )
Image 14 The
GNU Free Documentation License (
GNU FDL or simply
GFDL ) is a
copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the
Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the
GNU Project . It is similar to the
GNU General Public License , giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Copies may also be sold commercially, but, if produced in larger quantities (greater than 100), the original document or source code must be made available to the work's recipient.
The GFDL was designed for
manuals , textbooks, other reference and instructional materials, and documentation which often accompanies GNU software. However, it can be used for any text-based work, regardless of subject matter. For example, the free online encyclopedia
Wikipedia uses the GFDL (coupled with the
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike License ) for much of its text, excluding text that was imported from other sources after the 2009 licensing update that is only available under the Creative Commons license. (
Full article... )
Image 15 Major Frederick Russell Burnham DSO (May 11, 1861 – September 1, 1947) was an American scout and world-traveling adventurer. He is known for his service to the
British South Africa Company and to the
British Army in
colonial Africa , and for teaching
woodcraft to
Robert Baden-Powell in
Rhodesia . Burnham helped inspire the founding of the international
Scouting Movement .
Burnham was born on a
Dakota Sioux Indian reservation in Minnesota, in the small village of Tivoli near the city of Mankato; there he learned the ways of
American Indians as a boy. By the age of 14, he was supporting himself in California, while also learning scouting from some of the last of the cowboys and frontiersmen of the
American Southwest . Burnham had little formal education, never finishing high school. After moving to the
Arizona Territory in the early 1880s, he was drawn into the
Pleasant Valley War , a feud between families of ranchers and sheepherders. He escaped and later worked as a civilian tracker for the
United States Army in the
Apache Wars . Feeling the need for new adventures, Burnham took his family to southern Africa in 1893, seeing
Cecil Rhodes 's
Cape to Cairo Railway project as the next undeveloped frontier. (
Full article... )
The ghost town of Bodie, California
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Nicknames: The Golden State
Capital: Sacramento
Total area: 163,696 mi2
Land: 156,002 mi2
Water: 7,694 mi2
Highest elevation: 14,505 ft (Mount Whitney )
Population 39,250,017 (2016 est)
Admission to the Union: September 9, 1850 (31st )
State symbols:
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