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Master-General of the Ordnance (Sweden)

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The Master-General of the Ordnance[1] (Swedish: Generalfälttygmästare, Gftm) was the title of a senior military official who was an artillery general and at times head of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration's Artillery Department and artillery inspector. The Master-General of the Ordnance held a pivotal role from the 17th to the late 19th century, overseeing artillery administration, procurement, and maintenance. Originally known as the Riksfälttygsmästare, this position evolved to manage the Artillery Office and later the Ordnance Department of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration. Until 1898, the Master-General also supervised the Swedish Artillery, but organizational changes then placed artillery units under division chiefs, while the Master-General retained authority over key artillery functions. Responsibilities included inspecting artillery exercises and overseeing weapon development, production, and equipment maintenance. The role was eventually split into separate appointments in 1937, with the Master-General heading the Swedish Army Ordnance Corps until its dissolution in 1968.

History

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In Sweden, the Master-General of the Ordnance was a service designation for a member of the War College from 1675 and the head of the Artillery Office (Artillerikontoret) from 1682 to 1794 and 1807 to 1897. The Master-General of the Ordnance was responsible for the central administration of the artillery, procurement and maintenance of the army's weapons and ammunition, as well as the reserve materials of the national defence, the so-called Ordnance Storage (Tygförrådet). Previously, he was called the Riksfälttygsmästare. Between 1782 and 1865,the Master-General of the Ordnance was the head of the Ordnance Department of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration, with, among others, the Deputy Chief of Ordnance and two Master of the Ordnance (Tygmästare) of regimental officer's or captain's rank as subordinates.[2]

The Master-General of the Ordnance was until 1898 also the head of the Swedish Artillery, but in said year a change was implemented, through which the artillery regiments and corps were placed under the command of their respective army division chiefs, while the Master-General of the Ordnance retained authority over the Artillery Staff, workshops, and ordnance personnel. However, he still had the obligation to inspect the artillery exercises, and his full title was therefore the Master-General of the Ordnance and Inspector of the Artillery. He was also the head of the Artillery Department of the Royal Swedish Army Materiel Administration.[3] As Inspector, he was responsible for the artillery in the same way as the Inspectors of the Infantry and the Cavalry, and also commanded and supervised the Swedish Army Artillery School (Artilleriets skjutskola, ArtSS).[4]

As Master-General of the Ordnance, it was imperative for him to pay constant attention to the improvement of firearms with associated ammunition and equipment, and for that purpose at the King's request to employ or attempt to arrange for them. Furthermore, he would submit to the King for review and establishing proposals for new or changed weapon designs and more. Finally, he would oversee operations at artillery factories and ordnance establishments and oversee manufacturing of weapons, ammunition and artillery equipment for the needs of the army.[4] To his assistant, the Master-General of the Ordnance and the Inspector of Artillery in the latter capacity had at his disposal certain personnel from the Artillery Staff. This personnel, which together formed the Artillery Inspectorate (Artilleriinspektionen), was made up partly of the head of the Artillery Staff, who also served as commander of the Swedish Army Artillery School, and partly of the chief of staff of the Artillery Inspectorate, a major of the Artillery Staff, with the subordinate Equipment Department and the Inspector's Office Department. The personnel in the departments consisted of Artillery Staff officers and commissioned officers.[4]

The previous appointment as Master-General of the Ordnance and Inspector of Artillery was divided into two appointments on 1 July 1937: one for Master-General of the Ordnance and one for Inspector of Artillery.[5] The Master-General of the Ordnance became the head of the Swedish Army Ordnance Corps.[6] In 1968 the post was eliminated.

Masters-General of the Ordnance

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  • 1682–1692: Per Larsson Sparre
  • 1692–1693: Erik Dahlbergh
  • 1693–1710: Johan Siöblad
  • 1710–1712: Vacant
  • 1712–1715: Reinhold Johan von Fersen
  • 1715–1719: Henning Rudolf Horn af Rantzien
  • 1719–1724: Hugo Hamilton Hamilton af Hageby
  • 1724–1728: Vacant
  • 1728–1740: Fredrik Magnus Cronberg
  • 1741–1754: Per Siöblad
  • 1754–1757: Vacant[7]
  • 1757–1759: Thomas Cunninghame[a]
  • 1759–1761: Carl Ehrensvärd (acting)[8]
  • 1761–1765: Carl Funck (acting)
  • 1766–1772: Anders Reinhold Wrangel
  • 1772–1781: Reinhold Anrep
  • 1781–1784: Gabriel von Spången (acting)
  • 1784–1791: Carl Gideon Sinclair
  • 1791–1800: Carl Ulrik Silfverschiöld
  • 1800–1803: Nils Fredrik Ehrenström
  • 1803–1807: Vacant
  • 1807–1815: Carl von Helvig
  • 1816–1821: Carl von Cardell
  • 1821–1844: Crown Prince Oscar
  • 1828–1834: Claes Josef Breitholtz
  • 1844–1849: Axel Gustaf von Arbin
  • 1849–1857: Crown Prince Charles
  • 1857–1867: Fabian Wrede af Elimä
Portrait Master-General of the Ordnance Took office Left office Time in office Defence branch Monarch Ref.
Carl Henrik Hägerflycht
Hägerflycht, Carl HenrikMajor general
Carl Henrik Hägerflycht
(1817–1881)
Acting
1867?-
Army
Charles XV[9]
Carl Henrik Hägerflycht
Hägerflycht, Carl HenrikMajor general
Carl Henrik Hägerflycht
(1817–1881)
187214 August 18741–2 years
Army
Oscar II[9][10]
Carl Leijonhufvud
Leijonhufvud, CarlColonel
Carl Leijonhufvud
(1822–1900)
Acting
18 February 1873July 18740–1 years
Army
Oscar II[11][12]
Frans Reinhold Carlsohn
Carlsohn, Frans ReinholdColonel
Frans Reinhold Carlsohn
(1821–1899)
Acting
July 1874August 18740 years
Army
Oscar II[12]
Carl Leijonhufvud
Leijonhufvud, CarlLieutenant general[b]
Carl Leijonhufvud
(1822–1900)
14 August 187412 September 189016 years, 29 days
Army
Oscar II[11]
Edvard Julius Breitholtz
Breitholtz, Edvard JuliusMajor general
Edvard Julius Breitholtz
(1830–1912)
12 September 189031 December 18977 years, 110 days
Army
Oscar II[13][14]
John Hamilton
Hamilton, JohnMajor general
John Hamilton
(1834–1904)
189819023–4 years
Army
Oscar II-
Gottschalk Geijer
Geijer, GottschalkMajor general
Gottschalk Geijer
(1850–1924)
12 August 190230 October 19031 year, 79 days
Army
Oscar II[15]
Fredrik Leth
Leth, FredrikLieutenant general[c]
Fredrik Leth
(1850–1919)
30 October 190310 April 191511 years, 162 days
Army
Oscar II
Gustaf V
[17]
David Hedengren
Hedengren, DavidMajor general
David Hedengren
(1858–1946)
191519193–4 years
Army
Gustaf V[18]
Lars Sparre
Sparre, LarsLieutenant general[d]
Lars Sparre
(1864–1947)
191919299–10 years
Army
Gustaf V[20][19]
Ludvig Hammarskiöld
Hammarskiöld, LudvigLieutenant general[e]
Ludvig Hammarskiöld
(1869–1958)
1 July 192919344–5 years
Army
Gustaf V[21]
Oscar Osterman
Osterman, OscarMajor general
Oscar Osterman
(1874–1956)
193419394–5 years
Army
Gustaf V[22]
Halvar Gustafsson
Gustafsson, HalvarMajor general
Halvar Gustafsson
(1887–1953)
1 October 193919499–10 years
Army
Gustaf V[23]
Birger Hedqvist
Hedqvist, BirgerMajor general
Birger Hedqvist
(1894–1964)
1 April 194919599–10 years
Army
Gustaf V
Gustaf VI Adolf
[24]
Edward Malm
Malm, EdwardMajor general
Edward Malm
(1899–1983)
195919644–5 years
Army
Gustaf VI Adolf[25]
Sten Wåhlin
Wåhlin, StenMajor general
Sten Wåhlin
(1914–1981)
196419661–2 years
Army
Gustaf VI Adolf[26]
Ove Ljung
Ljung, OveMajor general
Ove Ljung
(1918–1997)
196619681–2 years
Army
Gustaf VI Adolf[27]

See also

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ After Per Siöblad's death in 1754 the office was vacant. By subservient letter of 21 October 1756, it was decided that one of the lieutenant colonel in the Artillery would be given the rank of colonel and, until further notice, conduct the tasks of the Master-General of the Ordnance. The government's choice fell on Cunninghame. Cunninghame held the post from 24 January 1757 to 10 December 1758, after which he continued as deputy until his death in 1759.[7]
  2. ^ Leijonhufvud was major general when taking office on 14 August 1874 and was promoted to lieutenant general on 14 January 1887.[11]
  3. ^ Took office as major general on 30 October 1903 and was promoted to lieutenant general on 30 September 1910.[16]
  4. ^ Took office as major general in 1919 and was promoted to lieutenant general in 1926.[19]
  5. ^ Took office as major general on 1 July 1929 and was promoted to lieutenant general on 20 January 1933.[21]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Granberg 1807, p. 289
  2. ^ "Generalfälttygmästare". Förvaltningshistorisk ordbok (in Swedish). Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  3. ^ Westrin 1908, p. 905
  4. ^ a b c Betänkande och förslag rörande den centrala försvarsförvaltningen. Statens offentliga utredningar, 0375-250X ; 1927:29 (in Swedish). Stockholm. 1927. pp. 29–30. SELIBR 1334799.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ "Arméledningen tillsättes 1 juli 1937". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 1937-01-07. p. A9. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  6. ^ Sveriges statskalender för året 1945 (in Swedish). Uppsala: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. 1945. p. 342.
  7. ^ a b Boёthius 1931, p. 449
  8. ^ Hammarskiöld 1949, p. 438
  9. ^ a b ?a 1971–1973, p. 605
  10. ^ "Telegram till "Kalmar."". Kalmar (in Swedish). No. 96. 1874-08-15. p. 1. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  11. ^ a b c Broomé 1977–1979, p. 491
  12. ^ a b "T.f. generalfälttygmästaren". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). No. 2904. 1874-07-14. p. 1. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  13. ^ Drakenberg 1926, p. 168
  14. ^ "DEN 2 JAN. - Afsked". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). No. 1 A. 2 January 1898. p. 1. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  15. ^ Hedberg 1967–1969, p. 26
  16. ^ Wikland 1977–1979, p. 584
  17. ^ Wikland 1977–1979, p. 584
  18. ^ ?b 1969–1971, p. 427
  19. ^ a b Gillingstam 2003–2006, p. 697
  20. ^ Vem är det 1942, p. 763.
  21. ^ a b Wikland 1969–1971b, p. 188
  22. ^ CHC 1992–1994, p. 409
  23. ^ Wikland 1967–1969, p. 429
  24. ^ Wikland 1969–1971a, p. 497
  25. ^ Lagerström 1968, p. 641
  26. ^ Lagerström 1968, p. 1052
  27. ^ Lagerström 1968, p. 598-599

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