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List of joint sessions of the United States Congress

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As of July 2024, there have been 464 joint sessions and joint meetings of the United States Congress.

1780s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
1st April 6, 1789 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1789 presidential election None
April 30, 1789 Joint session Inauguration of George Washington and church service George Washington, President of the United States
Samuel Provoost, Chaplain of the Senate

1790s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
1st January 8, 1790 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
December 8, 1790 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
2nd October 25, 1791 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
November 6, 1792 Joint Session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
February 13, 1793 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1792 presidential election None
3rd March 4, 1793 Inauguration Inauguration of George Washington George Washington, President of the United States
December 3, 1793 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
November 19, 1794 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
4th December 8, 1795 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
December 7, 1796 Joint session State of the Union address George Washington, President of the United States
February 8, 1797 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1796 presidential election None
5th March 4, 1797 Inauguration Inauguration of John Adams John Adams, President of the United States
May 16, 1797 Joint session Discussing relations with France John Adams, President of the United States
November 23, 1797 Joint session State of the Union address John Adams, President of the United States
December 8, 1798 Joint session State of the Union address John Adams, President of the United States
6th December 3, 1799 Joint session State of the Union address John Adams, President of the United States
December 26, 1799 Joint session Funeral of George Washington Henry Lee III, U.S. Representative

1800s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
6th November 22, 1800 Joint session State of the Union address John Adams, President of the United States
February 11, 1801 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1800 presidential election None
7th March 4, 1801 Inauguration Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States
8th February 13, 1805 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1804 presidential election None
9th March 5, 1805 Inauguration Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States
10th February 8, 1809 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1808 presidential election None
11th March 4, 1809 Inauguration Inauguration of James Madison James Madison, President of the United States

1810s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
12th February 10, 1813 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1812 presidential election None
13th March 4, 1813 Inauguration Inauguration of James Madison James Madison, President of the United States
14th February 12, 1817 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1816 presidential election None
15th March 4, 1817 Inauguration Inauguration of James Monroe James Monroe, President of the United States

1820s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
16th February 14, 1821 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1820 presidential election None
17th March 5, 1821 Inauguration Inauguration of James Monroe James Monroe, President of the United States
18th December 10, 1824 House address
(this was a speech to the House, but several Senators were present as guests of the House; not a joint meeting)
Message from Lafayette Henry Clay, Speaker of the House
Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, French General
February 9, 1825 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1824 presidential election None
19th March 4, 1825 Inauguration Inauguration of John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams, President of the United States
20th February 11, 1829 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1828 presidential election None
21st March 4, 1829 Inauguration Inauguration of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson, President of the United States

1830s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
22nd February 13, 1833 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1832 presidential election None
23rd March 4, 1833 Inauguration Inauguration of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson, President of the United States
December 31, 1834 Joint session Eulogy of Lafayette John Quincy Adams, U.S. Representative
Also attended by Andrew Jackson, President of the United States
24th February 8, 1837 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1836 presidential election None
25th March 4, 1837 Inauguration Inauguration of Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren, President of the United States

1840s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
26th February 10, 1841 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1840 presidential election None
27th March 4, 1841 Inauguration Inauguration of William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison, President of the United States
28th February 12, 1845 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1844 presidential election None
29th March 4, 1845 Inauguration Inauguration of James K. Polk James K. Polk, President of the United States
30th February 14, 1849 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1848 presidential election None
31st March 5, 1849 Inauguration Inauguration of Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor, President of the United States

1850s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
31st July 10, 1850 Joint session Inauguration of Millard Fillmore None
32nd January 7, 1852 Joint session Former leader of revolutionary Hungary (1848–1849), Lajos Kossuth (in exile), appeals to US Congress to help Hungary and other nations in their struggle against European (neo-)absolutism Lajos Kossuth
32nd February 9, 1853 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1852 presidential election None
33rd March 4, 1853 Inauguration Inauguration of Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce, President of the United States
34th February 11, 1857 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1856 presidential election None
35th March 4, 1857 Inauguration Inauguration of James Buchanan James Buchanan, President of the United States

1860s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
36th February 13, 1861 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1860 presidential election None
37th March 4, 1861 Inauguration Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States
February 22, 1862 Joint session Reading of Washington's Farewell Address John Weiss Forney, Secretary of the Senate
38th February 8, 1865 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1864 presidential election None
39th March 4, 1865 Inauguration Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States
February 12, 1866 Joint session Memorial for Lincoln George Bancroft, Historian
Also attended by Andrew Johnson, President of the United States
40th February 10, 1869 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1868 presidential election None
41st March 4, 1869 Inauguration Inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States

1870s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
42nd February 12, 1873 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1872 presidential election None
43rd March 4, 1873 Inauguration Inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States
December 18, 1874 Joint session Reception of King Kalākaua James G. Blaine, Speaker of the House
Kalākaua, King of Hawaii
44th February 1, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 10, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 12, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 19, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 20, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 21, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 24, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 26, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
February 28, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
March 1, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
March 2, 1877 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1876 presidential election None
45th March 5, 1877 Inauguration Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States

1880s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
46th February 9, 1881 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1880 presidential election None
47th March 4, 1881 Inauguration Inauguration of James A. Garfield James A. Garfield, President of the United States
February 27, 1882 Joint session Memorial to Garfield James G. Blaine, Former Secretary of State
Also attended by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States
48th February 11, 1885 Joint session Count electoral votes for the 1884 presidential election None
February 21, 1885 Joint session Completion of Washington Monument John Davis Long, U.S. Representative
John W. Daniel, U.S. Representative-elect
Also attended by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States
49th March 4, 1885 Inauguration Inauguration of Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland, President of the United States
50th February 13, 1889 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1888 presidential election None
51st March 4, 1889 Inauguration Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States
December 11, 1889 Joint session Centennial of Washington's first inauguration Melville Fuller, Chief Justice of the United States
Also attended by Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States

1890s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
52nd February 8, 1893 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1892 presidential election None
53rd March 4, 1893 Inauguration Inauguration of Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland, President of the United States
54th February 10, 1897 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1896 presidential election None
55th March 4, 1897 Inauguration Inauguration of William McKinley William McKinley, President of the United States

1900s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
56th December 12, 1900 Joint meeting Centennial of Washington, D.C. James D. Richardson, U.S. Representative
Sereno E. Payne, U.S. Representative
George Frisbie Hoar, U.S. Senator
Also attended by William McKinley, President of the United States
February 13, 1901 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1900 presidential election None
57th March 4, 1901 Inauguration Inauguration of William McKinley William McKinley, President of the United States
February 27, 1902 Joint session Memorial to McKinley John Hay, Secretary of State
Also attended by Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States
and Prince Heinrich of Prussia
58th February 8, 1905 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1904 presidential election None
59th March 4, 1905 Inauguration Inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States
60th February 10, 1909 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1908 presidential election None
61st March 4, 1909 Inauguration Inauguration of William Howard Taft William Howard Taft, President of the United States

1910s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
62nd February 12, 1913 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1912 presidential election None
February 15, 1913 Joint session Memorial for James S. Sherman Elihu Root, U.S. Senator
Thomas S. Martin, U.S. Senator
Jacob Harold Gallinger, U.S. Senator
John Thornton, U.S. Senator
Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. Senator
John W. Kern, U.S. Senator
Robert M. La Follette, Sr., U.S. Senator
John Sharp Williams, U.S. Senator
Charles Curtis, U.S. Senator
Albert B. Cummins, U.S. Senator
George T. Oliver, U.S. Senator
James Aloysius O'Gorman, U.S. Senator
Champ Clark, Speaker of the House
William Howard Taft, President of the United States
63rd March 4, 1913 Inauguration Inauguration of Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
April 8, 1913 Joint session Tariff message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
June 23, 1913 Joint session Currency and banking reform message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
August 27, 1913 Joint session Discussing Mexican affairs Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
December 2, 1913 Joint session State of the Union address Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
January 20, 1914 Joint session Trusts and monopolies message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
March 5, 1914 Joint session Panama Canal tolls Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
April 20, 1914 Joint session Discussing the Tampico Affair Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
September 4, 1914 Joint session War tax message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
December 8, 1914 Joint session State of the Union address Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
64th December 7, 1915 Joint session State of the Union address Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
August 29, 1916 Joint session Demands for railroad employees message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
December 5, 1916 Joint session State of the Union address Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
February 3, 1917 Joint session Announcing break of relations with Germany Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
February 14, 1917 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1916 presidential election None
February 26, 1917 Joint session Arming merchant ships Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
65th March 5, 1917 Inauguration Inauguration of Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
April 2, 1917 Joint session U.S. entry into World War I Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
December 4, 1917 Joint session State of the Union address and war with Austria-Hungary Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
January 4, 1918 Joint session Federal operation of railways Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
January 8, 1918 Joint session Fourteen Points speech Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
February 11, 1918 Joint session Peace message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
May 27, 1918 Joint session War finance message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
November 11, 1918 Joint session Discussing Armistice with Germany Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
December 2, 1918 Joint session State of the Union address Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
February 9, 1919 Joint session Memorial to Theodore Roosevelt Henry Cabot Lodge, U.S. Senator
Also attended by William Howard Taft, Former President of the United States
66th August 8, 1919 Joint session Cost of living message Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
September 18, 1919 Joint session Address Albert B. Cummins, President pro tempore of the Senate
Frederick H. Gillett, Speaker of the House
Champ Clark, U.S. Representative
John J. Pershing, General

1920s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
66th February 9, 1921 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1920 presidential election None
67th March 4, 1921 Inauguration Inauguration of Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
April 12, 1921 Joint session Federal problem message Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
December 6, 1921 Joint session State of the Union address Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
February 28, 1922 Joint session Maintenance of the merchant marine Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
August 18, 1922 Joint session Coal and railroad message Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
November 21, 1922 Joint session Promotion of the American Merchant Marine Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
December 8, 1922 Joint session State of the Union address Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
February 7, 1923 Joint session Discussing the British debt to the United States Warren G. Harding, President of the United States
68th December 6, 1923 Joint session State of the Union address Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
February 27, 1924 Joint session Memorial to Warren G. Harding Charles Evans Hughes, Secretary of State
Also attended by Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
December 15, 1924 Joint session Memorial to Woodrow Wilson Edwin Alderman, President of the University of Virginia
Also attended by Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
February 11, 1925 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1924 presidential election None
69th March 4, 1925 Inauguration Inauguration of Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
February 22, 1927 Joint session Washington's Birthday message Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
70th February 13, 1929 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1928 presidential election None
71st March 4, 1929 Inauguration Inauguration of Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover, President of the United States

1930s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
72nd February 22, 1932 Joint session Bicentennial of George Washington's birthday Herbert Hoover, President of the United States
February 6, 1933 Joint meeting Memorial to Calvin Coolidge Arthur Prentice Rugg, Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Also attended by Herbert Hoover, President of the United States
February 8, 1933 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1932 presidential election None
73rd March 4, 1933 Inauguration Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
January 3, 1934 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
May 20, 1934 Joint session 100th anniversary of Lafayette's death André Lefebvre de La Boulaye, French ambassador to the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
Also attended by Count de Chambrun, Great-grandson of Lafayette
74th January 4, 1935 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
May 22, 1935 Joint session Veto message Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
January 3, 1936 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
75th January 6, 1937 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1936 presidential election None
January 6, 1937 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
January 20, 1937 Inauguration Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
John Nance Garner, Vice President of the United States
January 3, 1938 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
76th January 4, 1939 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
March 4, 1939 Joint session Sesquicentennial of the 1st Congress Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
June 9, 1939 Joint meeting Reception George VI, King of Canada[1][2][3]
Queen Elizabeth, Queen consort of Canada
September 21, 1939 Joint session American neutrality in World War II Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States

1940s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
76th January 3, 1940 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
May 16, 1940 Joint session Discussing national defense Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
77th January 6, 1941 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1940 presidential election None
January 6, 1941 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
January 20, 1941 Joint session Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States
December 8, 1941 Joint session Day of Infamy speech Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
December 26, 1941 Joint meeting First address (Transcript) Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
January 6, 1942 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
78th January 7, 1943 Joint session State of the Union address Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
February 18, 1943 Joint session Address Soong Mei-ling, First Lady of the Republic of China[4]
May 19, 1943 Joint meeting Second address Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
November 18, 1943 Joint meeting Moscow Conference Cordell Hull, Secretary of State
79th January 6, 1945 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1944 presidential election None
January 6, 1945 Joint session State of the Union address Roosevelt was not present, so his address was read before Congress
January 20, 1945 Inauguration Inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
Harry S. Truman, Vice President of the United States
March 1, 1945 Joint session Yalta Conference Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States
April 16, 1945 Joint session Prosecution of the War Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
May 21, 1945 Joint session Bestowal of the Medal of Honor on Jake W. Lindsey George Marshall, Chief of Staff of the Army
Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
June 18, 1945 Joint meeting Address Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force
October 5, 1945 Joint meeting Address Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet
October 23, 1945 Joint session Universal military training message Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
November 13, 1945 Joint meeting Address Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
May 25, 1946 Joint session Railroad strike message Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
July 1, 1946 Joint session Memorial to Franklin D. Roosevelt John Winant, U.S. representative to UNESCO
Also attended by Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
and Eleanor Roosevelt, Former First Lady of the United States
80th January 6, 1947 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
March 12, 1947 Joint session Aid to Greece and Turkey (Truman Doctrine) Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
May 1, 1947 Joint meeting Address Miguel Alemán Valdés, President of Mexico
November 17, 1947 Joint session Aid to Europe (Marshall Plan) Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
January 7, 1948 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
March 17, 1948 Joint session National security and conditions in Europe Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
April 19, 1948 Joint session 50th anniversary of the liberation of Cuba Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
Guillermo Belt, Cuban ambassador to the United States
July 27, 1948 Joint session Inflation, housing, and civil rights Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
81st January 5, 1949 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
January 6, 1949 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1948 presidential election None
January 20, 1949 Joint session Inauguration of Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
Alben W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States
May 19, 1949 Joint meeting Address Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil

1950s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
81st January 4, 1950 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
May 31, 1950 Joint meeting Address Dean Acheson, Secretary of State
August 1, 1950 Joint meeting Address Robert Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia
82nd January 8, 1951 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
February 1, 1951 Joint meeting NATO Dwight D. Eisenhower, General of the Army
April 2, 1951 Joint meeting Address Vincent Auriol, President of France
April 19, 1951 Joint meeting Address Douglas MacArthur, General of the Army
June 21, 1951 Joint meeting Address Galo Plaza, President of Ecuador
September 24, 1951 Joint meeting Address Alcide de Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy
January 9, 1952 Joint session State of the Union address Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
January 17, 1952 Joint meeting Third Address Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
April 3, 1952 Joint meeting Address Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands
May 22, 1952 Joint meeting Korean War Matthew Ridgway, General
June 10, 1952 Joint session Steel industry dispute Harry S. Truman, President of the United States
83rd January 6, 1953 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1952 presidential election None
January 20, 1953 Joint session Inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
Richard Nixon, Vice President of the United States
February 2, 1953 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 7, 1954 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 29, 1954 Joint meeting Address Celal Bayar, President of Turkey
May 4, 1954 Joint meeting Address Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada
May 28, 1954 Joint meeting Address Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia
July 28, 1954 Joint meeting Address Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea
84th January 6, 1955 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 27, 1955 Joint meeting Address Paul Magloire, President of Haiti
February 29, 1956 Joint meeting Address Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Italian Republic
May 17, 1956 Joint meeting Address Sukarno, President of Indonesia
85th January 5, 1957 Joint session Middle East message Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 7, 1957 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1956 presidential election None
January 10, 1957 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 21, 1957 Joint session Inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
Richard Nixon, Vice President of the United States
May 9, 1957 Joint meeting Address Ngo Dinh Diem, President of South Vietnam
January 9, 1958 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
June 5, 1958 Joint meeting Address Theodor Heuss, President of West Germany
June 18, 1958 Joint meeting Address Carlos P. Garcia, President of the Philippines
86th January 9, 1959 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
January 21, 1959 Joint meeting Address Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina
February 12, 1959 Joint session Sesquicentennial of Abraham Lincoln's birthday Fredric March, Actor
Carl Sandburg, Poet
March 11, 1959 Joint meeting Address José María Lemus, President of El Salvador
March 18, 1959 Joint meeting Address Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland
May 12, 1959 Joint meeting Address Baudouin, King of the Belgians

1960s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
86th January 7, 1960 Joint session State of the Union address Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States
April 6, 1960 Joint meeting Address Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia
April 25, 1960 Joint meeting Address Charles de Gaulle, President of France
April 28, 1960 Joint meeting Address Mahendra, King of Nepal
June 29, 1960 Joint meeting Address Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand
87th January 6, 1961 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1960 presidential election None
January 20, 1961 Joint session Inauguration of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, President of the United States
Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President of the United States
January 30, 1961 Joint session State of the Union address John F. Kennedy, President of the United States
May 4, 1961 Joint meeting Address Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia
May 25, 1961 Joint session Lunar exploration: "Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs" John F. Kennedy, President of the United States
July 12, 1961 Joint meeting Address Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan
September 21, 1961 Joint meeting Address Manuel Prado Ugarteche, President of Peru
January 11, 1962 Joint session State of the Union address John F. Kennedy, President of the United States
February 26, 1962 Joint meeting Flight of Mercury-Atlas 6 John Glenn, Astronaut
April 4, 1962 Joint meeting Address João Goulart, President of Brazil
April 12, 1962 Joint meeting Address Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shahanshah and Aryamehr of Iran
88th January 14, 1963 Joint session State of the Union address John F. Kennedy, President of the United States
May 21, 1963 Joint meeting Flight of Mercury-Atlas 9 Gordon Cooper, Astronaut
November 27, 1963 Joint session Assumption of the Presidency: "Let Us Continue" Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
January 8, 1964 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
January 15, 1964 Joint meeting Address Antonio Segni, President of the Italian Republic
May 28, 1964 Joint meeting Address Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland
89th January 4, 1965 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
January 6, 1965 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1964 presidential election None
January 20, 1965 Joint session Inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
Hubert Humphrey, Vice President of the United States
March 15, 1965 Joint session Voting rights: "We Shall Overcome" Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
September 14, 1965 Joint meeting Flight of Gemini 5 Gordon Cooper, Astronaut
Pete Conrad, Astronaut
January 12, 1966 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
September 15, 1966 Joint meeting Address Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines
90th January 10, 1967 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
April 28, 1967 Joint meeting Vietnam War William Westmoreland, General
October 27, 1967 Joint meeting Address Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President of Mexico
January 17, 1968 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
91st January 6, 1969 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1968 presidential election None
January 9, 1969 Joint meeting Flight of Apollo 8 Frank Borman, Astronaut
Jim Lovell, Astronaut
William Anders, Astronaut
January 14, 1969 Joint session State of the Union address Lyndon B. Johnson, President of the United States
January 20, 1969 Joint session Inauguration of Richard Nixon Richard Nixon, President of the United States
Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States
September 16, 1969 Joint meeting Flight of Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong, Astronaut
Edwin Aldrin, Astronaut
Michael Collins, Astronaut

1970s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
91st January 22, 1970 Joint session State of the Union address Richard Nixon, President of the United States
February 25, 1970 Joint meeting Address Georges Pompidou, President of France
June 3, 1970 Joint meeting Address Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela
September 22, 1970 Joint meeting Report on prisoners of war Frank Borman, Representative to the President on Prisoners of War
92nd January 22, 1971 Joint session State of the Union address Richard Nixon, President of the United States
September 9, 1971 Joint session Economic policy Richard Nixon, President of the United States
September 9, 1971 Joint meeting Flight of Apollo 15 David Scott, Astronaut
James Irwin, Astronaut
Alfred Worden, Astronaut
January 20, 1972 Joint session State of the Union address Richard Nixon, President of the United States
June 1, 1972 Joint session European trip report Richard Nixon, President of the United States
June 15, 1972 Joint meeting Address Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico
93rd January 6, 1973 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1972 presidential election None
January 20, 1973 Inauguration Inauguration of Richard Nixon Richard Nixon, President of the United States
Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States
December 6, 1973 Joint meeting Swearing in of Gerald Ford as Vice President Gerald Ford, Vice President of the United States
Also attended by Richard Nixon, President of the United States
January 30, 1974 Joint session State of the Union address Richard Nixon, President of the United States
August 12, 1974 Joint session Assumption of the Presidency Gerald Ford, President of the United States
October 8, 1974 Joint session Discussing the economy Gerald Ford, President of the United States
94th January 15, 1975 Joint session State of the Union address Gerald Ford, President of the United States
April 10, 1975 Joint session State of the World message Gerald Ford, President of the United States
June 17, 1975 Joint meeting Address Walter Scheel, President of West Germany
November 5, 1975 Joint meeting Address Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt
January 19, 1976 Joint session State of the Union address Gerald Ford, President of the United States
January 28, 1976 Joint meeting Address Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel
March 17, 1976 Joint meeting Address Liam Cosgrave, Taoiseach of Ireland
May 18, 1976 Joint meeting Address Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France
June 2, 1976 Joint meeting Address Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
September 23, 1976 Joint meeting Address William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia
95th January 6, 1977 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1976 presidential election None
January 12, 1977 Joint session State of the Union address Gerald Ford, President of the United States
January 20, 1977 Inauguration Inauguration of Jimmy Carter Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
Walter Mondale, Vice President of the United States
February 22, 1977 Joint meeting Address Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada
April 20, 1977 Joint session Discussing energy Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
January 19, 1978 Joint session State of the Union address Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
September 18, 1978 Joint session Middle East peace agreements Attended by Anwar El Sadat, President of Egypt
And Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel
96th January 23, 1979 Joint session State of the Union address Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
June 18, 1979 Joint session SALT II Jimmy Carter, President of the United States

1980s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
96th January 23, 1980 Joint session State of the Union address Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
97th January 6, 1981 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1980 presidential election None
January 20, 1981 Joint session Inauguration of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
George H. W. Bush, Vice President of the United States
February 18, 1981 Joint session Economic recovery Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
April 28, 1981 Joint session Economic recovery and inflation Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
January 26, 1982 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
January 28, 1982 Joint meeting Centennial of Franklin D. Roosevelt's birthday Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Historian
Jennings Randolph, U.S. Senator
Claude Pepper, U.S. Representative
W. Averell Harriman, Former Governor of New York
James Roosevelt, Former U.S. Representative and son of Franklin D. Roosevelt
April 21, 1982 Joint meeting Address Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands
98th January 25, 1983 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
April 27, 1983 Joint session Central America Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
October 5, 1983 Joint meeting Address Karl Carstens, President of West Germany
January 25, 1984 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
March 15, 1984 Joint meeting Address Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland
March 22, 1984 Joint meeting Address François Mitterrand, President of France
May 8, 1984 Joint meeting Centennial of Harry S. Truman's birthday Ike Skelton, U.S. Representative
Alan Wheat, U.S. Representative
Stuart Symington, Former U.S. Senator
Margaret Truman, Daughter of Harry S. Truman
Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator
May 16, 1984 Joint meeting Address Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico
99th January 7, 1985 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1984 presidential election None
January 21, 1985 Inauguration Inauguration of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
George H. W. Bush, Vice President of the United States
February 6, 1985 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
February 20, 1985 Joint meeting Address Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
March 6, 1985 Joint meeting Address Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy
March 20, 1985 Joint meeting Address Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina
June 13, 1985 Joint meeting Address Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India
October 9, 1985 Joint meeting Address Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
November 21, 1985 Joint session Geneva Summit Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
February 4, 1986 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
September 11, 1986 Joint meeting Address José Sarney, President of Brazil
September 18, 1986 Joint meeting Address Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines
100th January 27, 1987 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
November 10, 1987 Joint meeting Address Chaim Herzog, President of Israel
January 25, 1988 Joint session State of the Union address Ronald Reagan, President of the United States
April 27, 1988 Joint meeting Address Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada
June 23, 1988 Joint meeting Address Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia
101st January 4, 1989 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1988 presidential election None
January 20, 1989 Inauguration Inauguration of George H. W. Bush George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
Dan Quayle, Vice President of the United States
February 9, 1989 Joint session Building a Better America George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
March 2, 1989 Joint meeting Bicentennial of the 1st Congress Robert Byrd, President pro tempore of the Senate
Howard Nemerov, Poet Laureate
David McCullough, Historian
Anthony M. Frank, Postmaster General
Nicholas F. Brady, Secretary of the Treasury
June 7, 1989 Joint meeting Address Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan
October 4, 1989 Joint meeting Address Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico
October 18, 1989 Joint meeting Address Roh Tae-woo, President of South Korea
November 15, 1989 Joint meeting Address Lech Wałęsa, Chairman of Solidarity

1990s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
101st January 31, 1990 Joint session State of the Union address George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
February 21, 1990 Joint meeting Address Václav Havel, President of Czechoslovakia
March 7, 1990 Joint meeting Address Giulio Andreotti, Prime Minister of Italy
March 27, 1990 Joint meeting Centennial of Dwight D. Eisenhower's birthday Bob Dole, U.S. Senator
Walter Cronkite, Broadcast journalist
Winston Churchill, Member of British Parliament and grandson of Winston Churchill
Clark Clifford, Former Secretary of Defense
James D. Robinson III, Chairman of Eisenhower Centennial Foundation
Arnold Palmer, Professional golfer
John Eisenhower, Former Ambassador to Belgium and son of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Beverly Byron, U.S. Representative
William F. Goodling, U.S. Representative
Pat Roberts, U.S. Representative
June 26, 1990 Joint meeting Address Nelson Mandela, Deputy President of the African National Congress
September 11, 1990 Joint session Invasion of Kuwait George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
102nd January 29, 1991 Joint session State of the Union address George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
March 6, 1991 Joint session End of the Gulf War George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
April 16, 1991 Joint meeting Address Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua
May 16, 1991 Joint meeting Address Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Also attended by His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
November 14, 1991 Joint meeting Address Carlos Menem, President of Argentina
January 28, 1992 Joint session State of the Union address George H. W. Bush, President of the United States
April 30, 1992 Joint meeting Address Richard von Weizsäcker, President of Germany
June 17, 1992 Joint meeting Address Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia
103rd January 6, 1993 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1992 presidential election None
January 20, 1993 Inauguration Inauguration of Bill Clinton Bill Clinton, President of the United States
Al Gore, Vice President of the United States
February 17, 1993 Joint session Economic address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
September 22, 1993 Joint session Health care reform Bill Clinton, President of the United States
January 25, 1994 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
May 18, 1994 Joint meeting Address P. V. Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India
July 26, 1994 Joint meeting Addresses Hussein, King of Jordan
Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel
October 6, 1994 Joint meeting Address Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa
104th January 24, 1995 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
July 26, 1995 Joint meeting Address Kim Young-sam, President of South Korea
October 11, 1995 Joint meeting Close of the Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of World War II Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the House
Al Gore, Vice President of the United States
Strom Thurmond, President pro tempore of the Senate
Henry Hyde, U.S. Representative
Gillespie V. Montgomery, U.S. Representative
Daniel Inouye, U.S. Senator
Bob Dole, U.S. Senator
Robert H. Michel, Former U.S. Representative
Louis H. Wilson, Jr., Former Commandant of the Marine Corps
December 12, 1995 Joint meeting Address Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel
January 23, 1996 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
February 1, 1996 Joint meeting Address Jacques Chirac, President of France
July 10, 1996 Joint meeting Address Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel
September 11, 1996 Joint meeting Address John Bruton, Taoiseach of Ireland
105th January 9, 1997 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 1996 presidential election None
January 20, 1997 Inauguration Inauguration of Bill Clinton Bill Clinton, President of the United States
Al Gore, Vice President of the United States
February 4, 1997 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
February 27, 1997 Joint meeting Address Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile
January 27, 1998 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
June 10, 1998 Joint meeting Address Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea
July 15, 1998 Joint meeting Address Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania
106th January 19, 1999 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States

2000s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
106th January 27, 2000 Joint session State of the Union address Bill Clinton, President of the United States
September 14, 2000 Joint meeting Address Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India
107th January 6, 2001 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2000 presidential election None
January 20, 2001 Inauguration Inauguration of George W. Bush George W. Bush, President of the United States
Dick Cheney, Vice President of the United States
February 27, 2001 Joint session Budget message George W. Bush, President of the United States
September 6, 2001 Joint meeting Address Vicente Fox, President of Mexico
September 20, 2001 Joint session Address in response to the September 11 attacks George W. Bush, President of the United States
January 29, 2002 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
June 12, 2002† Joint meeting Address John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia
108th January 28, 2003 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
July 17, 2003 Joint meeting Address Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
January 20, 2004 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
February 4, 2004 Joint meeting Address José María Aznar, Prime Minister of Spain
June 15, 2004 Joint meeting Address Hamid Karzai, President of the Afghan Transitional Administration
September 23, 2004 Joint meeting Address Ayad Allawi, Interim Prime Minister of Iraq
109th January 6, 2005 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2004 presidential election None
January 20, 2005 Inauguration Inauguration of George W. Bush George W. Bush, President of the United States
Dick Cheney, Vice President of the United States
February 2, 2005 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
April 6, 2005 Joint meeting Address Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine
July 19, 2005 Joint meeting Address Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India
January 31, 2006 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
March 1, 2006 Joint meeting Address Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy
March 15, 2006 Joint meeting Address Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia
May 24, 2006 Joint meeting Address Ehud Olmert, Prime Minister of Israel
June 7, 2006 Joint meeting Address Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia
July 26, 2006 Joint meeting Address Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq
110th January 23, 2007 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
March 7, 2007 Joint meeting Address Abdullah II, King of Jordan
November 7, 2007 Joint meeting Address Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France
January 28, 2008 Joint session State of the Union address George W. Bush, President of the United States
April 30, 2008 Joint meeting Address Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland
111th January 8, 2009 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2008 presidential election None
January 20, 2009 Inauguration Inauguration of Barack Obama Barack Obama, President of the United States
Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States
February 24, 2009 Joint session Economic address Barack Obama, President of the United States
March 4, 2009 Joint meeting Address Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
September 9, 2009 Joint session Health care reform Barack Obama, President of the United States
November 3, 2009 Joint meeting Address Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany

†John Howard's address before the Joint Meeting of Congress in 2002 was originally scheduled for September 12, 2001, but was interrupted by the September 11 attacks. He was already in Washington when the attacks occurred, and sat in on the September 12 session of the House of Representatives.[5]

2010s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
111th January 27, 2010 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
May 20, 2010 Joint meeting Address Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico
112th January 25, 2011 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
March 9, 2011 Joint meeting Address Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia
May 24, 2011 Joint meeting Address Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel
September 8, 2011 Joint session American Labor Barack Obama, President of the United States
October 13, 2011 Joint meeting Address Lee Myung-bak, President of South Korea
January 24, 2012 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
113th January 4, 2013 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2012 presidential election None
January 21, 2013 Inauguration Inauguration of Barack Obama Barack Obama, President of the United States
Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States
February 12, 2013 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
May 8, 2013 Joint meeting Address Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea
January 28, 2014 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
September 18, 2014 Joint meeting Address Petro Poroshenko, President of Ukraine
114th January 20, 2015 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
March 3, 2015 Joint meeting Address Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel
March 25, 2015 Joint meeting Address Ashraf Ghani, President of Afghanistan
April 29, 2015 Joint meeting Address Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan
September 24, 2015 Joint meeting Address Pope Francis, Bishop of Rome and Sovereign of the Vatican City
January 12, 2016 Joint session State of the Union address Barack Obama, President of the United States
June 8, 2016 Joint meeting Address Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India
115th January 6, 2017 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2016 presidential election None
January 20, 2017 Inauguration Inauguration of Donald Trump Donald Trump, President of the United States
Mike Pence, Vice President of the United States
February 28, 2017 Joint session Address Donald Trump, President of the United States
January 30, 2018 Joint session State of the Union address Donald Trump, President of the United States
April 25, 2018 Joint meeting Address Emmanuel Macron, President of France
116th February 5, 2019 Joint session State of the Union address Donald Trump, President of the United States
April 3, 2019 Joint meeting Address Jens Stoltenberg, Secretary General of NATO

2020s

[edit]
Congress Date Type Occasion Dignitary speaking
116th February 4, 2020 Joint session State of the Union address Donald Trump, President of the United States
117th January 6–7, 2021 Joint session Counting electoral votes for the 2020 presidential election
(Interrupted by the U.S. Capitol attack)
None
January 20, 2021 Inauguration Inauguration of Joe Biden Joe Biden, President of the United States
Kamala Harris, Vice President of the United States
April 28, 2021 Joint session Address Joe Biden, President of the United States
March 1, 2022 Joint session State of the Union address Joe Biden, President of the United States
March 16, 2022 Informal meeting[6] Virtual address Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine
May 17, 2022 Joint meeting Address Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece
July 20, 2022 Informal meeting[7] Address Olena Zelenska, First Lady of Ukraine
December 21, 2022 Joint meeting Address Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine
118th February 7, 2023 Joint session State of the Union address Joe Biden, President of the United States
April 27, 2023 Joint meeting Address Yoon Suk Yeol, President of South Korea
June 22, 2023 Joint meeting Address Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India
July 19, 2023 Joint meeting Address Isaac Herzog, President of Israel
March 7, 2024 Joint session State of the Union address Joe Biden, President of the United States
April 11, 2024 Joint meeting Address Fumio Kishida, Prime Minister of Japan
July 24, 2024 Joint Meeting Address Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ King, William Lyon Mackenzie. Diary of Mackenzie King. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 533. 17 May 1939.
  2. ^ Douglas, W.A.B.; Greenhous, Brereton (1995). Out of the Shadows: Canada in the Second World War. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 19. ISBN 1-55002-151-6.
  3. ^ Lanctot, Gustave (1964). Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939. Toronto: E.P. Taylor Foundation. ASIN B0006EB752.
  4. ^ "Soong Mei-ling, "Addresses to the House of Respresentatives and to the Senate," February 18, 1943". USC US-China Institute.
  5. ^ C-SPAN Video Archive footage of the First Session of the House of Representatives, September 12, 2001. Timestamp 2:58 begins House Speaker Dennis Hastert's recognition of Australian Prime Minister John Howard.
  6. ^ https://history.house.gov/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Joint-Sessions/
  7. ^ https://history.house.gov/Institution/Foreign-Leaders/Joint-Sessions/
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