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CHAYKA

Coordinates: 53°07′51″N 34°54′45″E / 53.13083°N 34.91250°E / 53.13083; 34.91250
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53°07′51″N 34°54′45″E / 53.13083°N 34.91250°E / 53.13083; 34.91250

Chayka pulse

Chayka (Russian: Чайка, lit. "seagull") also known as Radiotekhnicheskaya Sistema Dal'ney Navigatsii abbreviated as RSDN (lit. Radio-technology System for Distant Navigation) is a Russian terrestrial radio navigation system, similar to Loran-C. It operates on similar frequencies around 100 kHz, and uses the same techniques of comparing both the envelope and the signal phase to accurately determine location. The systems differ primarily in details.

Chayka-Chains

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At the hill – RSDN-3/10, Crimea

Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different pulse repetition frequencies (Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies.

There are 5 Chayka chains in use:

  • GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)
  • GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)
  • GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)
  • GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)
  • GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain
  • And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), Siberian, Angarsk, Sayansk, Transbaikalian, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.

Chayka Transmitters

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The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to LORAN-C transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high.

GRI 8000

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# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Karachev (44 km from Bryansk) 53°7′50.6″N 34°54′44.8″E / 53.130722°N 34.912444°E / 53.130722; 34.912444 450
W/1 Petrozavodsk 61°45′32.4″N 33°41′40.4″E / 61.759000°N 33.694556°E / 61.759000; 33.694556 13217.21 10000 700
X/2 Slonim (Belarus) 53°7′55.2″N 25°23′46″E / 53.132000°N 25.39611°E / 53.132000; 25.39611 27125.00 25000 450
Y/3 Simferopol 44°53′20.18″N 33°52′23.79″E / 44.8889389°N 33.8732750°E / 44.8889389; 33.8732750 53070.25 50000 550
Z/4 Syzran 53°17′17.6″N 48°6′53.4″E / 53.288222°N 48.114833°E / 53.288222; 48.114833 67941.60 65000 700

GRI 7950

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# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky 51°4′42.81″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785583°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785583; 142.7013750 700
W/1 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972 14506.5 11000 700
X/2 Ussuriysk 44°31′58.24″N 131°38′28.6″E / 44.5328444°N 131.641278°E / 44.5328444; 131.641278 33678.0 30000 700
Y/3 Tokachibuto (Japan) 42°44′37.2″N 143°43′10.5″E / 42.743667°N 143.719583°E / 42.743667; 143.719583 49104.15 46000 600
Z/4 Okhotsk 59°25′1.77″N 143°5′18.68″E / 59.4171583°N 143.0885222°E / 59.4171583; 143.0885222 64102.05 61000 10

GRI 5980

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# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972 700
W/1 Attu Island (United States) 52°49′44″N 173°10′49.7″E / 52.82889°N 173.180472°E / 52.82889; 173.180472 14506.5 11000 400
X/2 Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky 51°4′42.80″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785556°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785556; 142.7013750 31506.5 28000 700

GRI 5960

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(No longer in service)

# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Dudinka 69°21′45.20″N 86°41′50.56″E / 69.3625556°N 86.6973778°E / 69.3625556; 86.6973778 1200
W/1 Taymylyr 72°34′48.92″N 122°06′40.29″E / 72.5802556°N 122.1111917°E / 72.5802556; 122.1111917 1200
X/2 Pankratiev Island 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528 250
Y/3 Inta 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306 1200

GRI 4970

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# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Inta 65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306 1200
W/1 Tumanny 69°3′8.4″N 35°40′14.3″E / 69.052333°N 35.670639°E / 69.052333; 35.670639
X/2 Pankratiev Island 76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528 250

GRI 5970

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# Place Coordinates Emission delay, μs Coding delay, μs Transmission power, kW
M Yuzhno-Uralsk 54°23.1′N 61°20.6′E / 54.3850°N 61.3433°E / 54.3850; 61.3433
W/1 Yekaterinburg 56°44.8′N 60°31.6′E / 56.7467°N 60.5267°E / 56.7467; 60.5267 15895,1 15000
X/2 Kurgan 55°22.2′N 65°22.6′E / 55.3700°N 65.3767°E / 55.3700; 65.3767 30939,5 30000

See also

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