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1st Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)

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1st Fleet
Active28 December 1903 – 25 February 1944
CountryEmpire of Japan
Branch Imperial Japanese Navy
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Heihachiro Togo
Kōichi Fujii
Osami Nagano
Isoroku Yamamoto
Chuichi Nagumo

The 1st Fleet (第一艦隊, Dai-ichi Kantai) was the main battleship fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

History

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First established on 28 December 1903, the IJN 1st Fleet was created during the Russo-Japanese War when the Imperial General Headquarters divided the Readiness Fleet into a mobile strike force of cruisers and destroyers to pursue the Imperial Russian Navy's Vladivostok-based cruiser squadron (the Imperial Japanese Navy's 2nd Fleet), while the remaining bulk of the Japanese fleet (the IJN 1st Fleet) continued to blockade Port Arthur in hopes of luring the battleships of the Russian Pacific Fleet out into a classic line-of-battle confrontation. The two fleets were combined into the Combined Fleet for the final Battle of Tsushima. The decisive victory of the Japanese fleet over the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima validated the doctrine of the "decisive victory", or kantai kessen as stipulated by naval theorists such as Alfred Thayer Mahan and Satō Tetsutarō in the eyes of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, and future naval procurement and deployment was centered on refinements of this doctrine.[1] The Mahanian objective was to build a fleet in being, a naval force kept deliberately in strategic reserve, as secondary forces based on cruisers and destroyers waged a campaign of attrition against an approaching enemy, who would then be destroyed in a climactic final battle similar to the Battle of Tsushima.[2][3] As a result of this doctrine, although individual ships and task forces were dispatched on occasion for specific combat operations, the main force in the Imperial Japanese Navy was mostly held in reserve from the time of its inception until near the end of World War II.

Commanders of the IJN 1st Fleet

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[4]

Commander-in-Chief Dates Previous Post Next Post Notes
1 Vice-Admiral
Tōgō Heihachirō
東郷平八郎
28 December
1903
20 December
1905
Commander-in-chief
Standing Fleet
Chairman
Navy General Staff
Promoted to Admiral 6 June 1904
Also Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet
for entire tenure.
2 Vice-Admiral
Kataoka Shichirō
片岡七郎
20 December
1905
22 November
1906
Commander-in-chief
3rd Fleet
Director
Naval Shipping Bureau
3 Vice-Admiral
Arima Shinichi [ja]
有馬新一
22 November
1906
26 May
1908
4 Vice-Admiral
Ijūin Gorō
伊集院五郎
26 May
1908
1 December
1909
Commander-in-chief
2nd Fleet
Chairman
Navy General Staff
Also Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet
from 8 October to 20 November 1908
5 Vice-Admiral
Kamimura Hikonojō
上村彦之丞
1 December
1909
1 December
1911
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral
6 Vice-Admiral
Dewa Shigetō
出羽重遠
1 December
1911
1 December
1913
Commander-in-chief
Sasebo Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral
7 Vice-Admiral
Katō Tomosaburō
加藤友三郎
1 December
1913
10 August
1915
Commander-in-chief
Sasebo Naval District
Minister of the Navy
8 Vice-Admiral
Kōichi Fujii
藤井較一
10 August
1915
23 September
1915
Commander-in-chief
Sasebo Naval District
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
9 Vice-Admiral
Yoshimatsu Shigetarō [ja]
吉松茂太郎
23 September
1915
1 December
1917
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral
Also Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet
8 October to 20 November 1915, 1 September to 14 October 1916,
1 to 22 October 1917
10 Vice-Admiral
Yamashita Gentarō
山下源太郎
1 December
1917
1 December
1919
Commander-in-chief
Sasebo Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral
Also Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet
1 September to 15 October 1918, 1 June to 28 October 1919
11 Admiral
Yamaya Tanin
山屋他人
1 December
1919
24 August
1920
Commander-in-chief
2nd Fleet
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Also Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet
from 1 May 1920
12 Admiral
Tochinai Sojirō [ja]
栃内曽次郎
24 August
1920
27 July
1922
Vice-Minister of the Navy Commander-in-chief
Sasebo Naval District
Also Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet
until 31 October 1920 and from 1 May to 31 October 1921
13 Vice-Admiral
Takeshita Isamu
竹下勇
27 July
1922
27 January
1924
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District
Promoted to Admiral 3 August 1923
Also Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet
from 1 December 1922
Command of Combined Fleet and 1st Fleet
would be unified for the next 20 years.
14 Admiral
Suzuki Kantarō
鈴木貫太郎
27 January
1924
1 December
1924
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District
Naval Councilor
15 Admiral
Okada Keisuke
岡田啓介
1 December
1924
10 December
1926
Naval Councilor Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
16 Vice-Admiral
Katō Hiroharu
加藤寛治
10 December
1926
10 December
1928
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral 1 April 1927
17 Admiral
Taniguchi Naomi [ja]
谷口尚真
10 December
1928
11 November
1929
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District
18 Vice-Admiral
Yamamoto Eisuke [ja]
山本英輔
11 November
1929
1 December
1931
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral 1 March 1931
19 Vice-Admiral
Kobayashi Seizō
小林躋造
1 December
1931
15 November
1933
Vice-Minister of the Navy Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral 1 April 1933
20 Vice-Admiral
Suetsugu Nobumasa
末次信正
15 November
1933
15 November
1934
Commander-in-chief
2nd Fleet
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Promoted to Admiral 30 March 1934
21 Vice-Admiral
Takahashi Sankichi
高橋三吉
15 November
1934
1 December
1936
Commander-in-chief
2nd Fleet
Naval Councilor Promoted to Admiral 1 April 1936
22 Vice-Admiral
Mitsumasa Yonai
米内光政
1 December
1936
2 February
1937
Commander-in-chief
Yokosuka Naval District
Minister of the Navy
23 Admiral
Nagano Osami
永野修身
2 February
1937
1 December
1937
Minister of the Navy Naval Councilor
24 Vice-Admiral
Yoshida Zengo
吉田善吾
1 December
1937
30 August
1939
Commander-in-chief
2nd Fleet
Minister of the Navy
25 Vice-Admiral
Yamamoto Isoroku
山本五十六
30 August
1939
11 August
1941
Vice-Minister of the Navy Commander-in-chief
Combined Fleet
Promoted to Admiral 15 November 1940
Command of Combined Fleet and 1st Fleet separated.
26 Vice Admiral
Takasu Shirō
高須四郎
11 August
1941
14 July
1942
Commander-in-chief
4th Fleet
Attendant
Navy General Staff
27 Vice-Admiral
Shimizu Mitsumi
清水光美
14 July
1942
20 October
1943
28 Vice-Admiral
Nagumo Chūichi
南雲忠一
20 October
1943
25 February
1944
Commander-in-chief
Kure Naval District

Chief of Staff[4]

Rank Name Date
1 Fleet Admiral Baron Hayao Shimamura 28 December 1903 – 12 January 1905
2 Fleet Admiral Viscount Tomosaburō Katō 12 January 1905 – 20 December 1905
3 Admiral Kōichi Fujii 20 December 1905 – 22 November 1906
4 Fleet Admiral Baron Yamashita Gentarō 22 November 1906 – 10 December 1908
5 Admiral Takarabe Takeshi 10 December 1908 – 1 December 1909
6 Admiral Kaneo Nomaguchi 1 December 1909 – 11 March 1911
7 Vice Admiral Saneyuki Akiyama 11 March 1911 – 1 December 1912
8 Admiral Isamu Takeshita 1 December 1912 – 24 May 1913
x position vacant 24 May 1913 – 1 December 1913
9 Vice Admiral Tetsutaro Sato 1 December 1913 – 17 April 1914
10 Vice Admiral Kazuyoshi Yamaji 17 April 1914 – 1 December 1914
11 Vice Admiral Shibakichi Yamanaka 1 December 1914 – 13 December 1915
12 Vice Admiral Saburo Horiuchi 13 December 1915 – 1 December 1917
13 Vice Admiral Hanroku Saito 1 December 1917 – 1 December 1918
14 Vice Admiral Kajishiro Funakoshi 1 December 1918 – 1 December 1919
15 Vice Admiral Hansaku Yoshioka 1 December 1919 – 1 December 1921
16 Vice Admiral Kumazo Shirane 1 December 1921 – 1 December 1923
17 Rear Admiral Bekinari Kabayama 1 December 1923 – 10 November 1924
18 Vice Admiral Kanjiro Hara 10 November 1924 – 1 December 1925
19 Vice Admiral Naotaro Ominato 1 December 1925 – 1 November 1926
20 Admiral Sankichi Takahashi 1 November 1926 – 1 December 1927
21 Vice Admiral Eijiro Hamano 1 December 1927 – 10 December 1928
22 Vice Admiral Ken Terajima 10 December 1928 – 30 October 1929
23 Admiral Koichi Shiozawa 30 October 1929 – 1 December 1930
24 Admiral Shigetarō Shimada 1 December 1930 – 1 December 1931
25 Admiral Zengo Yoshida 1 December 1931 – 15 September 1933
26 Admiral Soemu Toyoda 15 September 1933 – 15 March 1935
27 Admiral Nobutake Kondō 15 March 1935 – 15 November 1935
28 Admiral Naokuni Nomura 15 November 1935 – 16 November 1936
29 Rear Admiral Yasutaro Iwashita 16 November 1936 – 18 February 1937
30 Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa 18 February 1937 – 15 November 1937
31 Vice Admiral Ibo Takahashi 15 November 1937 – 5 November 1939
32 Vice Admiral Shigeru Fukudome 5 November 1939 – 10 April 1941
33 Admiral Seiichi Ito 10 April 1941 – 11 August 1941
34 Vice Admiral Kengo Kobayashi 11 August 1941 – 6 January 1943
35 Vice Admiral Gihachi Takayanagi 6 January 1943 – 25 February 1944

References

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  1. ^ Peattie & Evans, Kaigun[page needed]
  2. ^ Willmont, After Midway: Japanese Naval Strategy 1942-45, pp. 177–199
  3. ^ Evans, Kaigun[page needed]
  4. ^ a b Wendel, Axis History Database

Books

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  • D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II. Devin-Adair Pub. ISBN 0-8159-5302-X.
  • Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-097-1.
  • Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
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