Eggplant Parmesan

Updated April 4, 2024

Eggplant Parmesan
Johnny Miller for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Rebecca Jurkevich.
Total Time
1 hour 35 minutes
Prep Time
10 minutes
Cook Time
1 hour 25 minutes
Rating
4(1,358)
Notes
Read community notes

The distinct layers of breaded eggplant, rich tomato sauce and melted cheeses are what make this version of the Italian American classic perfectly calibrated (and, frankly, easy to make). Eggplant Parmesan is a labor of love, but this recipe streamlines the process so the cooking can feel relaxing on a Sunday afternoon. Long sheets of panko-breaded eggplant slices crisp up gloriously in the oven on a sheet pan, which means no frying. Store-bought jarred marinara sauce works beautifully here, but homemade can lend its own kind of delicious character (see Tip). A fully baked and cooled eggplant Parmesan will keep in the freezer, tightly covered, for up to 3 months.

Why You Should Trust This Recipe

Eric Kim sliced, salted, breaded, layered and baked more than 10 pounds of eggplants to develop this recipe. He consulted multiple chefs and employed their tips and techniques in his final version.

Featured in: Good Eggplant Parmesan Takes Time. But It Doesn’t Have to Take Forever.

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Ingredients

Yield:6 to 8 servings
  • 2medium globe eggplants (about 2½ pounds), stems trimmed
  • Salt
  • 1cup all-purpose flour
  • 4large eggs, beaten
  • 4cups/10½ ounces panko bread crumbs
  • Olive oil
  • 2(24-ounce) jars store-bought marinara sauce (or use homemade; see Tip)
  • Fresh basil
  • 2cups/8 ounces shredded low-moisture mozzarella
  • ½cup/2 ounces grated Parmesan
Ingredient Substitution Guide

Preparation

  1. Step 1

    Arrange two racks on the top third and bottom third of the oven. Heat the oven to 425 degrees.

  2. Step 2

    Cut the eggplants lengthwise into ½-inch-thick slices. Salt both sides and let sit across two sheet pans to sweat for 10 minutes.

  3. Step 3

    Prepare a breading station with three wide, shallow bowls. Add the flour to one bowl, the eggs to another and the panko to the third. Pat the eggplant slices dry, dip each in the flour, then the beaten eggs and finally the panko, really packing on the bread crumbs with your hands.

  4. Step 4

    Generously grease the two sheet pans with olive oil and place the breaded eggplant in a single layer across both pans. Bake until crispy, switching the positions of the pans halfway through, about 30 minutes.

  5. Step 5

    Meanwhile, to a large saucepan, add the marinara sauce and a sprig of basil. Fill one of the empty marinara sauce jars with ½ cup water, swish around, then pour into the second jar and swish again; pour this tomatoey water into the saucepan. Bring to a simmer over medium-high and cook, stirring constantly, until heated through, about 5 minutes. Taste and add salt if desired.

  6. Step 6

    Grease a 9-by-13-inch baking pan or casserole dish (and set it on a sheet pan, if desired, to catch any potential spillover). Put down half of the baked eggplant in a single layer, cutting any pieces to make them fit. Cover with half of the sauce (about 2½ cups). Then, sprinkle over half of the mozzarella, followed by half of the Parmesan. Add a few basil leaves over the top. Top with another layer of the remaining eggplant, followed by the remaining sauce, then the remaining mozzarella and Parmesan. Bake on the bottom rack, uncovered, until browned on top and bubbly at the edges, 25 to 30 minutes.

  7. Step 7

    For clean slices and distinct layers, let the pan cool for at least 30 minutes before cutting into it. Before serving, top with more basil leaves.

Tip
  • To make a homemade marinara sauce: While the eggplants are baking, heat a saucepan over medium-high and add enough oil to generously coat the bottom. Stir in 7 chopped garlic cloves, 2 teaspoons dried oregano and ½ teaspoon red-pepper flakes and cook until fragrant, 30 seconds. Purée two (28-ounce) cans whole peeled tomatoes, preferably San Marzano, and add to the pan, along with ½ cup water swished around both cans to catch any clinging tomato. Season with salt. Bring the sauce to a simmer and cook, lid ajar and stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened, 30 to 40 minutes. Taste and add more salt as desired and a pinch of sugar if needed. Makes about 5 cups.

Ratings

4 out of 5
1,358 user ratings
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Cooking Notes

In summer at the height of eggplant season, I go bread crumb less. Grill your eggplants folks! Dry on paper towels and proceed with layering sauce ( or fresh tomatoes also dried on paper towels), and some chopped basil and cheese. Delicious

One of my favorite dishes, and I learned to make it from my Sicilian grandmother & aunts. They would have been less than pleased if I used 1/2" slices! Very thinly sliced was the goal when prepping the eggplant. I am often disappointed in restaurant versions of this dish because the eggplant is just thick slices. Time saving? Yes. Delicious? Nope.

Like any iconic Italian dish,depending on what village the cook came from, which street, which block, even which side of the street they lived on, you would be told that their way of cooking it was the best and only authentic way to make said dish. It boarders on superstition. Make Eggplant Parmigiana the way you like it and that’s the way to make it. If you haven’t a clue where to start, this recipe is a very good starting place.

As Sue R stated, THINLY cut is the proper way to go. My 94 yr old Italian mother would be appalled by 1/2" cut pieces. My mother's family was from Rome. She always cuts the eggplant thinly and never uses panko or any kind of bread crumbs, which only serves to absorb the oil from the cheese while baking. Bread crumbs = an unappealing oily dish. And, if over-fried, there's a chance of a burnt taste. 1/2" also risks uneven cooking. If cut thinly, you do not need a knife to cut bite-size pieces.

Heat the oven to 400. Slice the eggplant across. Lay them on a greased sheet pan. Pour some olive oil in a shallow dish and using a pastry brush, lightly paint the slices with the oil on both sides. Bake until the slices until they collapse a bit. Follow the recipe instructions using Parmesan and home made tomato sauce. No heavy breeding and you can taste the eggplant.

After reading both the recipe and the comments, I decided to split the difference on eggplant width and cut my eggplants about 1/3 inch wide. Here's my two cents on this width issue: if you're NOT going to bread the eggplant with panko, cut it thinner like everyone's nona, and grill or roast it. If you ARE going to bread it, 1/2 inch is the way to go. Otherwise the crust overwhelms the eggplant. And beware, this recipe will forever make you the Maker of Eggplant Parm for your family!

Eric Kim instructs, in the accompanying article, that "You should make your eggplant Parm the way you like it — and most important, in a way that works with your life." I swap out the mozzarella for a blend of romano and parmesan cheeses.

It's Eggplant Parmesan...not pizza. Skip the heat shield of mozzarella. It blocks all the other subtle flavors of the dish and makes it a gooey mess. I will never understand the compulsion to overuse mozzarella in the US. Adding it to a dish may make it "Italian American" but not true Italian.

My 89 year old native Italian mom makes the best eggplant parm in the world. Sorry, she does. She cuts thin slices and uses egg and flour, not breadcrumbs.

Why is this called "Eggplant Parmesan" when the primary cheese called for is mozzarella?

I know that my opinion will not be popular but I tend to like the eggplant sliced a bit more thickly. To me, it’s important that the eggplant maintains its “integrity” upon cooking. I add a bit of water to the hot oil to steam the eggplant and avoid breading the eggplant but instead sprinkle it (somewhat lightly) with broken pieces of slices toasted garlic round dried baguettes. Every time I make this dish, it’s a huge hit and I get requests to bring it to family gatherings and dinner parties.

Eggplant, breaded with homemade sauce. My favorite thing to eat, well at the top of the list anyway. My Polish born mother made it often and homemade ravioli as well. She learned the way from my father’s mother who came from Naples. Off topic but I love the memory of my parents making homemade bread together.

Yes! My Sicilian mother-in-law taught me how to make hers 30 years ago. She aimed for about 1/4” slices max. She also fried it, but has switched to roasting in the oven in past 10 years. She believes that the best possible/simplest homemade sauce and cheese are the key to good EP.

today I learned, if I leave the insert out of my mandolin slicer, the result is exactly 1/2 inch (I measured). was concerned about the thick eggplant being chewy but it was not. very tender. I think i like this recipe more than my usual Arthur Avenue recipe from Bobby Flay Throwdown (years ago). I LOVE that there is no frying. my two eggplants yielded three layers. i had extra cheese on hand for the additional layer but I think next time I'll increase the cheese ratio.

Too much breadcrumbs so not enough flavor to the eggplant. Agreed - grill it- or use grandma’s recipe and skip this one.

Can I assemble this the day before and bake it the next day without the quality being compromised?

I have made hundreds of Eggplant Parms. I am Italian American, from NJ, and worked with my Italian father in our family’s catering business. My dad and I used to fry 2 cases of eggplant at a time. There is, most definitely, more than one way to make EP. Here is my 2 cents worth of advice: For the love of God, peel the skin off the eggplant, it makes it bitter. Slice it thinner, thick makes a mushy mess. After dipping it in egg wash and dredging it, refrigerate overnight, fry the next day.

mixed panko with equal parmesan on one side only no mozzarella

I doubled both cheeses to make it more cheesy. I also used a mandolin to slice the eggplant and though the thickest setting on it is a little less than 1/2 inch it came out fine.

Great recipe. awesome result, only changed from Panko to Progreso Italian breadcrumbs, made with homemade sauce as recommended….definitely will make this one again and again.

Good recipe although, I do prefer the eggplant fried. I've done both. Hot days, I keep it stovetop and fry. To the "Authentic Italian" police. Italian cookbook authors pretty much universally top with mozzarella. To the why it's named Parmesan. Named for the location, not the cheese. Seems an odd recommendation to use jarred sauce. Marinara takes 5 minutes of prep and less than 1/2 hour to cook.

This is the best eggplant (and zucchini) parm recipe for home cooks! No soggy, oily mess. Loved it!

A bit time consuming but really delicious! I used my own marinara sauce made from one of Eric Kim’s recipes. Loaded with garlic. Forgot the plum tomatoes but had orange cherry tomatoes on hand. Sliced them in half. Will definitely make again.

Amazing. Made some adjustments for 4-5 meals for a singleton. I halved the recipe, two small eggplants, regular breadcrumbs, a simple marinara with enough garlic for the doubled recipe, fior di latte mozzarella, and no additional salt other than what was needed to sweat the eggplants. Next time, thin slices and no breading! Also, the half recipe fits in a glass bread loaf pan. Happy cooking!

Very good. Cut in half

Excellent as written. Large mesl for two adults but we look forward to leftovers for 2-3 days. Great meal.

This is a good skeleton recipe but I suggest several little tweaks. I agree with all the notes that less is more with the bread crumbs. Next time I'll cut in half. Also I'd add 1 more egg, and at least 1/2 cup more moz & 1/4 cup more parm.

If you are making your own marinara with the San Marzano’s - I’d recommend starting the sauce first thing before anything else. Tomato sauce tastes better the longer it simmers. It simmered for around an hour altogether with prep and baking the eggplant slices, and by the time I added it was delicious and jammy.

Best eggplant parm I’ve ever had. I don’t have a Nonna but I’ve eaten a lot of different eggplant parmigianas because I really like eggplant. This is simply the best ever. Bonus that I made it myself! Thank you Eric Kim.

I have now made this three times and it has turned out perfect every time! I follow the recipe exactly EXCEPT for, taking the advice of other commenters, I slice my eggplant thinner (about 1/3”) and thus am able to do three layers instead of two. Letting it cool after taking out is key for holding its structure once cut.

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