Do I need to mock service and repository classes to test a simple method of controller?

Question

I am testing a simple method of my controller. The issue is that, the controller has a service and the service class has a repository. Having all this, I suppose I would need to Mock all the classes. Am I right?

I can easily run the application but when I run the test it shows following exception. How can I bypass that to test method of controller?

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
....

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: 
Error creating bean with name 'userRepositoryImpl': 
Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is 
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: 
Could not autowire field: 
private org.hibernate.SessionFactory  
com.myproject.repository.UserRepositoryImpl.sessionFactory; 
nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error 
creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in class path res
ource [main/my-servlet.xml]:
Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is 
org.hibernate.HibernateException: Connection cannot be null when 
'hibernate.dialect' not set
...

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: 
Could not autowire field: private org.hibernate.SessionFactory 
com.myproject.repository.UserRepositoryImpl.sessionFactory; nested 
exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: 
Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in class
....

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: 
Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in class path 
resource [main/my-servlet.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; 
nested exception is org.hibernate.HibernateException: Connection 
cannot be null when 'hibernate.dialect' not set
....

Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Connection cannot be 
null when 'hibernate.dialect' not set

JUnit code

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:main/my-servlet.xml"})
public class UserControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnUsersViewName() throws Exception {


        UserService mockedUsrSer = Mockito.mock(UserService.class);

        UserController controller = new UserController(mockedUsrSer);
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")).andExpect(view().name("users"));

    }

Controller

private UserService userService;

@Autowired
public UserController(UserService userService) {
    super();
    this.userService = userService;
}

@RequestMapping(value = { "", "/"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String showUsers(Model model) {
    return "users";
}

Service

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

  private UserRepository userRepository;

  @Autowired
  public UserServiceImpl(UserRepository userRepository){
    this.userRepository = userRepository;
  }
  ....
}

Repository

 @Repository
 public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository{

  private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

  @Autowired
  public UserRepositoryImpl(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
     this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
  }
  ...
 }

my-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.myProject" />

    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesViewResolver" />
    <bean id="tilesConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer">
        <property name="definitions">
            <list>
                <value>/WEB-INF/tiles.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:2005/Test" />
        <property name="username" value="jack" />
        <property name="password" value="jack" />
    </bean>


     <bean id="sessionFactory" 
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean" 
     depends-on="dataSource"> 
     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
     <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.myProject.model" /> 
    <property name="hibernateProperties"> 
     <props> 
    <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> 
    <prop key="hibernate.use_sql_comments">true</prop>
    <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> 
     <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
     </props> 
    </property> 
    </bean> 

     <bean 
    class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" 
        /> 

     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
     </bean> 

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> 
</beans>

Update

I commented out all of the hibernate related lines in my-servlet.xml file, but the test returns an exception as follows:

No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency

Answer 1

I think you should create a stripped-down version of my-servlet.xml and use that for testing. It should only component-scan the controller package. You can also inject a mock UserService to the controller as follows.

<context:annotation-config />

<mvc:annotation-driven />

<context:component-scan base-package="com.myProject.controller" />

<bean id="viewResolver"
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesViewResolver" />
<bean id="tilesConfigurer"
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer">
    <property name="definitions">
        <list>
            <value>/WEB-INF/tiles.xml</value>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean> 

<bean id="userService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock"> 
    <constructor-arg value="com.myproject.service.UserService" /> 
</bean>

Another option is to use standaloneSetup.

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class UserControllerTest {

@Mock
private UserService userService;

@InjectMocks
private UserController userController;

private MockMvc mockMvc;

@Before
public void setup() {

    // Setup Spring test in standalone mode
    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(userController).build();

}
}

Answer 2

I agree with user2953113's suggestion, that would likely work. However, I try to avoid any XML in my unit tests (functional testing is a different matter but I wouldn't mock out the UserService in a functional test). I haven't used Spring MVC much but could you do this? Not sure you would even need the SprintJUnit4ClassRunner in this case.

public class UserControllerTest {

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        UserService mockedUsrSer = Mockito.mock(UserService.class);
        UserController controller = new UserController(mockedUsrSer);
        MockMvc mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
        mockMvc.perform(get("/")).andExpect(view().name("users"));

    }
}