Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Ali Johnson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ali Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Are you curious how it would feel… to feel differently than you currently do? Perhaps you are eager to explore your creativity or it is time to overcome obstacles of disappointment or grief. Here, foundational psychoanalysis is complemented with diverse therapeutic modalities to facilitate emotional, relational, and personal evolution. Ali Johnson Integrative Psychotherapy is a secure safe space suitable for adults, couples, and adolescents. Welcome in - where exploration, healing, and growth converge.
Are you curious how it would feel… to feel differently than you currently do? Perhaps you are eager to explore your creativity or it is time to overcome obstacles of disappointment or grief. Here, foundational psychoanalysis is complemented with diverse therapeutic modalities to facilitate emotional, relational, and personal evolution. Ali Johnson Integrative Psychotherapy is a secure safe space suitable for adults, couples, and adolescents. Welcome in - where exploration, healing, and growth converge.
(917) 909-5297 View (917) 909-5297
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, PsyD, Psychologist
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10280
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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Photo of Libby Kessman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Libby Kessman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I want to help you empower yourself with love and self-acceptance. I approach the psychotherapy process in an interactive manner, and I view it as helping create new options. To this end, I integrate spontaneity and creativity in my work. I serve diverse populations, believing that "we are all more human than otherwise." My blog, Musings to Mull Over, accessible via this URL: musingstomullover.wordpress.com/, can give you a flavor of my approach and thinking. I welcome your comments and feedback on the site.
I want to help you empower yourself with love and self-acceptance. I approach the psychotherapy process in an interactive manner, and I view it as helping create new options. To this end, I integrate spontaneity and creativity in my work. I serve diverse populations, believing that "we are all more human than otherwise." My blog, Musings to Mull Over, accessible via this URL: musingstomullover.wordpress.com/, can give you a flavor of my approach and thinking. I welcome your comments and feedback on the site.
(646) 351-1748 View (646) 351-1748
Photo of Minkyung ( Iris) Kim, MA, LCAT, Art Therapist
Minkyung ( Iris) Kim
Art Therapist, MA, LCAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I am a licensed creative arts therapist who works with adults and adolescents in helping them resolve their mental health issues. I specialize in PTSD, anger management, grief, depression, suicidal prevention and relationship problems using creative arts modalities. My approach to therapy involves creating a safe space for clients to express their inner feelings/conflicts freely. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults at a psychiatric inpatient unit in a New York City hospital. I am currently accepting new clients and am available on weekdays and Saturdays for therapy sessions. I am bilingual in English and Korean.
I am a licensed creative arts therapist who works with adults and adolescents in helping them resolve their mental health issues. I specialize in PTSD, anger management, grief, depression, suicidal prevention and relationship problems using creative arts modalities. My approach to therapy involves creating a safe space for clients to express their inner feelings/conflicts freely. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults at a psychiatric inpatient unit in a New York City hospital. I am currently accepting new clients and am available on weekdays and Saturdays for therapy sessions. I am bilingual in English and Korean.
(646) 681-1044 View (646) 681-1044
Photo of Michael Davidovits, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Davidovits
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I am an individual, couples and family therapist practicing in NYC for over 20 years. I supervise and teach narrative theory and family therapy at Columbia University and the Ackerman Institute. My approach is collaborative, active, and empathic. I use a systemic approach that decreases blame and helps people move from overwhelming feelings of despair, anger, anxiety, and jealousy to the possibility of experiencing the love and compassion that they long for in their lives. I foucus on reducing conflict and rebuilding trust and connection so that people can start solving and resolving difficult and painful issues.
I am an individual, couples and family therapist practicing in NYC for over 20 years. I supervise and teach narrative theory and family therapy at Columbia University and the Ackerman Institute. My approach is collaborative, active, and empathic. I use a systemic approach that decreases blame and helps people move from overwhelming feelings of despair, anger, anxiety, and jealousy to the possibility of experiencing the love and compassion that they long for in their lives. I foucus on reducing conflict and rebuilding trust and connection so that people can start solving and resolving difficult and painful issues.
(917) 994-9138 View (917) 994-9138
Photo of Daphne Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daphne Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10002  (Online Only)
My name is Daphne Smith, I am a Licensed Social Worker who has been practicing for the past 20+ years. My approach to therapy is motivational in style with a background in multiple cognitive behavioral approaches. My focus of practice is general mental health, families, PTSD and trauma. I have experience working with adults, children, families, Veterans and first responders.
My name is Daphne Smith, I am a Licensed Social Worker who has been practicing for the past 20+ years. My approach to therapy is motivational in style with a background in multiple cognitive behavioral approaches. My focus of practice is general mental health, families, PTSD and trauma. I have experience working with adults, children, families, Veterans and first responders.
(646) 466-6951 View (646) 466-6951
Photo of Jessica Blumenthal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Blumenthal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
Welcome! Thank you for taking the first step to improve your mental health. I know this can be a daunting task and takes a great deal of courage. I am a licensed clinical Social Worker with 10 years of experience. My goal is to support you through life's stressors with an increased ability to identify and cope with emotions. Together, we will identify personal goals in an environment that feels safe and supportive. I will also challenge you at times when there are patterns of behavior that are no longer serving you.
Welcome! Thank you for taking the first step to improve your mental health. I know this can be a daunting task and takes a great deal of courage. I am a licensed clinical Social Worker with 10 years of experience. My goal is to support you through life's stressors with an increased ability to identify and cope with emotions. Together, we will identify personal goals in an environment that feels safe and supportive. I will also challenge you at times when there are patterns of behavior that are no longer serving you.
(646) 693-8915 View (646) 693-8915
Photo of Kelsey Logan, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Logan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Whether you are experiencing relationship issues, are looking to break patterns, or are wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy is a wonderful place to foster personal growth. I love working with people to understand their "why" and to find ways to create a rich, fulfilling life. I specialize in working with individuals and couples who may identify as LGBTQIA+, artists, people with uteruses, and caregivers of children and/or older adults. I work in person and virtually. You can schedule a free 15 minute consultation with me here: calendly.com/kelseylogan
Whether you are experiencing relationship issues, are looking to break patterns, or are wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy is a wonderful place to foster personal growth. I love working with people to understand their "why" and to find ways to create a rich, fulfilling life. I specialize in working with individuals and couples who may identify as LGBTQIA+, artists, people with uteruses, and caregivers of children and/or older adults. I work in person and virtually. You can schedule a free 15 minute consultation with me here: calendly.com/kelseylogan
(929) 500-7491 View (929) 500-7491
Photo of Melissa Soong, LMSW, ADS, NADA RT
Melissa Soong
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, ADS, NADA RT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Melissa specializes in working with people from many walks of life -from those that are just looking to become more aware of their internal patterns to those with specific goals. She has experience working in high stress environments, with clients who have issues related to mental health, substance use, trauma, and more. She is also passionate about helping those who are interested in cultivating leadership skills, managing the stress of challenging work environments, supervising staff and employee burnout prevention.
Melissa specializes in working with people from many walks of life -from those that are just looking to become more aware of their internal patterns to those with specific goals. She has experience working in high stress environments, with clients who have issues related to mental health, substance use, trauma, and more. She is also passionate about helping those who are interested in cultivating leadership skills, managing the stress of challenging work environments, supervising staff and employee burnout prevention.
(929) 810-4621 View (929) 810-4621
Photo of Jill A Drossman, PsyD, Psychologist
Jill A Drossman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
During this very trying time of COVID-19, we are all directly affected in some way by this pandemic. Stress levels are high, affecting our emotional well-being, relationships and work lives. I know that this time can be overwhelming for many of us, turning our lives upside down in many ways, literally and figuratively. Our longstanding issues are being exacerbated, or we are developing new anxieties and stresses. I am offering Telehealth sessions (video or phone). I offer a flexible approach, conducting traditional "talk" therapy with a range of cognitive-behavioral strategies.
During this very trying time of COVID-19, we are all directly affected in some way by this pandemic. Stress levels are high, affecting our emotional well-being, relationships and work lives. I know that this time can be overwhelming for many of us, turning our lives upside down in many ways, literally and figuratively. Our longstanding issues are being exacerbated, or we are developing new anxieties and stresses. I am offering Telehealth sessions (video or phone). I offer a flexible approach, conducting traditional "talk" therapy with a range of cognitive-behavioral strategies.
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Photo of Darryl (Nick) Nicholson-Sansani, LCSW, CASAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darryl (Nick) Nicholson-Sansani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031
Darryl (Nick) Nicholson-Sansani is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Alcoholism and Abuse Counselor. Darryl has experience in a wide range of social, emotional, and behavioral issues. He specializes in depression, anxiety, mental health crisis and LGBTQ+ along with general mental health issues. He believes a strong therapeutic relationship consists of laughter, trust, honesty, and personal connection.
Darryl (Nick) Nicholson-Sansani is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Alcoholism and Abuse Counselor. Darryl has experience in a wide range of social, emotional, and behavioral issues. He specializes in depression, anxiety, mental health crisis and LGBTQ+ along with general mental health issues. He believes a strong therapeutic relationship consists of laughter, trust, honesty, and personal connection.
(929) 383-7243 View (929) 383-7243
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, PhD, Psychologist
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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Photo of Stacey Fredericks, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey Fredericks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
I have been a Social Worker in private practice for over 20 years on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. I enjoy working with both individuals and couples. Relationship distress is the most common problem that bring people in to see me, but anxiety, depression and life confusion are also often part of the stories that I hear. Helping people to manage, understand and strengthen important relationships is a primary focus. I enjoy working with teens and adults of every age.
I have been a Social Worker in private practice for over 20 years on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. I enjoy working with both individuals and couples. Relationship distress is the most common problem that bring people in to see me, but anxiety, depression and life confusion are also often part of the stories that I hear. Helping people to manage, understand and strengthen important relationships is a primary focus. I enjoy working with teens and adults of every age.
(646) 362-8584 View (646) 362-8584
Photo of Lynn Krigbaum, LCSW, MFA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn Krigbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Waitlist for new clients
Choosing a therapist is a very personal matter, especially if you have never been in therapy before. Being able to talk in a safe environment is essential. I am a caring and empathic therapist with 20 years experience in body/mind psychotherapy. I bring to my work the utmost respect for the innate wisdom of each individual. As a former dancer, I have worked with many performing artists and as an Interfaith Minister I am comfortable with spiritual matters. I treat people with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, eating disorders, alcohol abuse, sexual abuse, incest and life transitions. Please visit my website, lynnkrigbaum.com.
Choosing a therapist is a very personal matter, especially if you have never been in therapy before. Being able to talk in a safe environment is essential. I am a caring and empathic therapist with 20 years experience in body/mind psychotherapy. I bring to my work the utmost respect for the innate wisdom of each individual. As a former dancer, I have worked with many performing artists and as an Interfaith Minister I am comfortable with spiritual matters. I treat people with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, eating disorders, alcohol abuse, sexual abuse, incest and life transitions. Please visit my website, lynnkrigbaum.com.
(646) 593-7581 View (646) 593-7581
Photo of Haylee Seltzer Donovan, LCSW, CEAP, CASAC, SAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haylee Seltzer Donovan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP, CASAC, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I am a goal oriented therapist and use an integrative approach based on the specific needs of the individual. I use cognitive and psychodynamic oriented techniques in both short term and extended treatment. I provide treatment for individuals struggling with addiction as well as for their loved ones who are often impacted by the disease as well. As a Certified Employee Assistance Professional, I have ample experience in identifying and resolving personal concerns that can impact job performance. I work to help individuals find a healthy balance between their careers and their personal lives.
I am a goal oriented therapist and use an integrative approach based on the specific needs of the individual. I use cognitive and psychodynamic oriented techniques in both short term and extended treatment. I provide treatment for individuals struggling with addiction as well as for their loved ones who are often impacted by the disease as well. As a Certified Employee Assistance Professional, I have ample experience in identifying and resolving personal concerns that can impact job performance. I work to help individuals find a healthy balance between their careers and their personal lives.
(646) 583-2218 View (646) 583-2218
Photo of Mariam Torosyan, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Mariam Torosyan
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018
Helping individuals and couples gain a deeper understanding while working through internal and relational difficulties especially through uncertain times is key to cultivating a more grounded and fulfilling life. I strive to create supportive, affirmative, and motivating relationships with clients that is crucial for facilitating meaningful healing and change.
Helping individuals and couples gain a deeper understanding while working through internal and relational difficulties especially through uncertain times is key to cultivating a more grounded and fulfilling life. I strive to create supportive, affirmative, and motivating relationships with clients that is crucial for facilitating meaningful healing and change.
(646) 798-1276 View (646) 798-1276
Photo of Natalie Suna, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Natalie Suna
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
Do you want to cultivate a collaborative partnership for self-directed healing? I am a cisgender, white, Jewish woman living in Brooklyn, and I have experienced firsthand the opportunity therapy provides to connect and feel deeply understood. I help you bring an awareness of and curiosity about the impacts of systems, historical trauma, and early formative experiences that shape you. Bringing compassion and insight to the belief systems that keep you feeling stuck can facilitate new ways of relating to yourself.
Do you want to cultivate a collaborative partnership for self-directed healing? I am a cisgender, white, Jewish woman living in Brooklyn, and I have experienced firsthand the opportunity therapy provides to connect and feel deeply understood. I help you bring an awareness of and curiosity about the impacts of systems, historical trauma, and early formative experiences that shape you. Bringing compassion and insight to the belief systems that keep you feeling stuck can facilitate new ways of relating to yourself.
(646) 603-1950 View (646) 603-1950
Photo of Keona Wright, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Keona Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience as a marriage and family therapist, with a diverse range of clients spanning different age groups, navigating various life stages and interpersonal dynamics. I specialize in addressing a wide array of mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction, self-esteem, relationship conflict, and family dynamics.
I have extensive experience as a marriage and family therapist, with a diverse range of clients spanning different age groups, navigating various life stages and interpersonal dynamics. I specialize in addressing a wide array of mental health concerns, such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction, self-esteem, relationship conflict, and family dynamics.
(646) 969-9676 View (646) 969-9676
Photo of Bette Jean Rosenhagen Psychotherapy And Hypnosis, LCSW, DAHB, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bette Jean Rosenhagen Psychotherapy And Hypnosis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DAHB
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065
Imagine yourself feeling calmer, confident and more comfortable in your life. I have over 30 years of experience in helping clients lessen their anxiety, cope with stress and challenge negative beliefs and old habits. My expertise includes working with adults in all different stages of life who may be experiencing anxiety, stress, grief/loss, low self-esteem, acute and chronic illness and family and relationship issues.
Imagine yourself feeling calmer, confident and more comfortable in your life. I have over 30 years of experience in helping clients lessen their anxiety, cope with stress and challenge negative beliefs and old habits. My expertise includes working with adults in all different stages of life who may be experiencing anxiety, stress, grief/loss, low self-esteem, acute and chronic illness and family and relationship issues.
(844) 466-5941 View (844) 466-5941
Photo of Rebekah Lipsky, LMHC, LCPC, LPC, Counselor
Rebekah Lipsky
Counselor, LMHC, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Are you looking to initiate a major life change but keep getting in your own way of doing so? Or, has a major life change been thrust upon you and you’re having trouble adapting and coping? Do you struggle to believe that you ARE capable of finding the light through the dark road you're traveling? If so, I truly get it. I can professionally and personally attest to the challenges AND triumphs of getting through big life transitions. While I wish I could eradicate all difficult emotions and experiences you're facing, my goal is to help you move through them more effectively. You deserve to live in a better way. "Better" IS possible.
Are you looking to initiate a major life change but keep getting in your own way of doing so? Or, has a major life change been thrust upon you and you’re having trouble adapting and coping? Do you struggle to believe that you ARE capable of finding the light through the dark road you're traveling? If so, I truly get it. I can professionally and personally attest to the challenges AND triumphs of getting through big life transitions. While I wish I could eradicate all difficult emotions and experiences you're facing, my goal is to help you move through them more effectively. You deserve to live in a better way. "Better" IS possible.
(646) 632-1197 View (646) 632-1197
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.