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Extreme warm summers and high melt rates in Greenland since 1979 have been fueled by feedbacks between downwelling longwave radiation and a high-pressure blocking system, according to analyses of year-to-year perturbations of Greenland’s surface energy budget.
The first magma on the Moon formed by decompression melting of orthopyroxene-dominated mantle rocks facilitated by density-driven mantle overturn, according to petrographic modelling and observations of lunar highland samples from the Chang’e-5 mission
The increasing trend of climate change-related marine heatwave activity and associated sea ice melting has enhanced primary production in the Southern Ocean through water column stabilization, as suggested by the results from observational analysis combined with model simulations.
Distributed dynamic strain sensing using optical fibre cables and core analyses reveals significant strain amplification within the narrow, weak core of an asymmetric fault zone and highlights its susceptibility to both nearby and distant seismic triggers
In India, water stress regulates tree cover across biomes, and variation in cover is explained by soil sand fraction, topography, and anthropogenic pressure according to an analysis of remote sensing vegetation data and environmental drivers.
Paleoclimate reconstructions and model simulation suggest intensified Arctic sea-ice melting led to warmer winters in East Asia during the mid-Holocene by suppressing meridional heat transport and weakening the East Asian winter monsoon.
Surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean has been underestimated, in particular beneath sea ice, because of uneven observational density in winter and summer, suggesting that the carbon sink may weaken further in the future, according to analyses of in-situ observations with a neural-network-based method.
Compared to the rural background, lead levels are raised by one to two orders of magnitude in Portland, Oregon, particularly in older neighbourhoods where lead-sheathed cables persist, according to an analysis of lead concentrations and isotope signatures in moss.
In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wetland degradation leads to changes in soil properties and microbial communities that reduce the abundance of forage plants, according to an analysis of field vegetation and soil survey data, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis.
The projected increase in water stress in China under low and high emission scenarios is driven by a decrease in water supply and varies by season and province, according to an analysis using a new water stress prediction index and climate scenarios.
At the global level, the model uncertainty of carbon export in the ocean dominates above 900 m, and below this depth, the uncertainty relates to carbon transfer efficiency according to an uncertainty analysis of 14 Earth Systems Model simulations.
Submarine groundwater discharge creates the unique ecosystem of warm–water marine biological communities that has been observed on the Siberian Arctic Shelf, according to analysis of a range of in situ measurements in 2020 and 2023.
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation initiatives have moderately helped to conserve forests while delivering minor benefits to local people, according to a meta-analysis of 32 quantitative studies.
Opinions about vegetable oils in social media are dependent on the type of oil and shows a disconnection between the public discourse and the scientific discussion, according to a public perception study of twenty million social media posts.
Mixed phase clouds - clouds that contain ice as well as supercooled-liquid particles - are more liquid at the cloud top than the cloud interior, globally, according to satellite observations. Setting cloud top phase accordingly in climate model projections leads to additional warming.
Crystal migration can occur during magma ascent in volcanic eruptions and when this process occurs, it leads to non-Newtonian behaviour, according to a volcanic conduit flow model.
Enhanced precipitation recycling and moisture convergence over the Tibetan Plateau from climate warming offsets the decline in moisture transport associated with the monsoons and westerly winds, according to analyses of Lagrangian simulations and water budgets over a decade, and climate projections
Overflow from Lake Nasser during times of excessive precipitation over source areas could be redirected to depressions with permeable bedrock to recharge the underlying Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System and limit flood impacts, according to hydrologic simulations
Analysis of multi-decadal groundwater level data shows 68% of wells in southwestern Europe are stable, 20% rising, and only 12% declining, and suggests improved management and increased precipitation aid recovery, while agricultural and urban pressures drive decline.
Magnetic and electron microscopy observations of marine core sediments from Virginia USA reveal giant and conventional magnetofossils immediately above and below Oceanic Anoxic Event 2, which may indicate a connection with dramatic changes in marine conditions.