Update 21-7-2024: The alloydbadmin role cannot be assigned to other users in AlloyDB service in the cloud. In theory you should be able to do most of the tasks using the postgres role.
AlloyDB offers several predefined roles, each tailored to specific capabilities essential for effective database management. Among these roles, the alloydbadmin role stands out as the most powerful. It encompasses superuser privileges within AlloyDB, allowing users to create roles and databases, manage replication processes such as setting up read replicas, and bypass row-level security (RLS). This role is inherently managed by the AlloyDB service itself and, consequently, cannot be directly assigned to other users within the database environment.
Another significant role is the alloydbsuperuser, which resembles the traditional PostgreSQL superuser role but with certain limitations unique to the AlloyDB context. While it possesses full privileges within the database, it does not extend to service-level configurations. This distinction ensures a level of control that balances comprehensive database management with specific restrictions on service configurations.
Additionally, AlloyDB includes specialized roles such as alloydbagent and alloydbimportexport, designed for tasks like managing backup and restore operations, monitoring database health and performance, and executing import/export operations. These roles provide focused capabilities that facilitate efficient and secure database operations.
The postgres role is a standard PostgreSQL role that allows users to create roles and databases within AlloyDB. Typically used as the default user for initial connection and basic administration, it serves as a foundational role for managing everyday database activities.
Assigning the alloydbadmin role to the postgres user directly within the AlloyDB environment is not feasible. This limitation arises because alloydbadmin is a service-level role rather than a database role. The error message "must be superuser to alter superuser" underscores this restriction, reflecting the inherent design of AlloyDB's role management system.
Comparing the permissions of the postgres user and the alloydbadmin role reveals key differences. The postgres user holds full privileges within the database, enabling activities such as creating tables and managing users. However, the alloydbadmin role extends beyond these capabilities, encompassing additional privileges related to the management and configuration of the AlloyDB service. This broader scope includes managing high-level settings and configurations essential for maintaining and optimizing the database environment.
To elevate the permissions of the postgres user, there are two primary approaches:
Option 1: Grant Specific Permissions (Recommended)
The first and recommended approach involves granting specific permissions directly to the postgres user. This method ensures that the user receives only the necessary privileges without overextending their access rights.
Connect as a superuser: Utilize the alloydbadmin user or another superuser account.Grant permissions: Employ SQL GRANT statements to selectively assign the required privileges to the postgres user. For instance:
GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE my_database TO postgres;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA my_schema TO postgres;
This approach aligns with the principle of least privilege, enhancing security by providing only the specific permissions needed for the user's tasks.
Option 2: Use IAM
The second approach leverages Identity and IAM to grant the roles/alloydb.admin role to the postgres user. This method offers broader administrative control over the AlloyDB instance but may exceed the precise needs of the user.
Go to IAM & Admin: Navigate to the IAM & Admin section in the Google Cloud Console.Find the AlloyDB instance: Locate the specific instance to be managed.Add the postgres user: Assign the roles/alloydb.admin role to the postgres user, granting extensive administrative capabilities, including managing backups, scaling resources, and modifying instance settings.
When granting broad administrative permissions like roles/alloydb.admin, it is crucial to proceed with caution. Adhering to the principle of least privilege by granting only the specific permissions necessary for a user's tasks is a fundamental security practice. This approach minimizes potential risks and ensures that users have access only to the functionalities required for their responsibilities.
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