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---
title: transform
slug: Web/SVG/Attribute/transform
page-type: svg-attribute
spec-urls:
- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms/#svg-transform
- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-transforms/#svg-transform
- https://svgwg.org/svg2-draft/coords.html#TransformProperty
---
{{SVGRef}}
The **`transform`** attribute defines a list of transform definitions that are applied to an element and the element's children.
> [!NOTE]
> As of SVG2, `transform` is a presentation attribute, meaning it can be used as a CSS property. However, be aware that there are some differences in syntax between the CSS property and the attribute. See the documentation for the CSS property {{cssxref('transform')}} for the specific syntax to use in that case.
You can use this attribute with any SVG element.
## Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg
viewBox="-40 0 150 100"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g
fill="grey"
transform="rotate(-10 50 100)
translate(-36 45.5)
skewX(40)
scale(1 0.5)">
<path
id="heart"
d="M 10,30 A 20,20 0,0,1 50,30 A 20,20 0,0,1 90,30 Q 90,60 50,90 Q 10,60 10,30 z" />
</g>
<use href="#heart" fill="none" stroke="red" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample("Example", '100%', 200)}}
In SVG 1.1, only these 16 elements were allowed to use it: {{SVGElement('a')}}, {{SVGElement('circle')}}, {{SVGElement('clipPath')}}, {{SVGElement('defs')}}, {{SVGElement('ellipse')}}, {{SVGElement('foreignObject')}}, {{SVGElement('g')}}, {{SVGElement('image')}}, {{SVGElement('line')}}, {{SVGElement('path')}}, {{SVGElement('polygon')}}, {{SVGElement('polyline')}}, {{SVGElement('rect')}}, {{SVGElement('switch')}}, {{SVGElement('text')}}, and {{SVGElement('use')}}.
Also, as a legacy from SVG 1.1, {{SVGElement('linearGradient')}} and {{SVGElement('radialGradient')}} support the `gradientTransform` attribute, and {{SVGElement('pattern')}} supports the `patternTransform` attribute, both of which act exactly like the `transform` attribute.
<table class="properties">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Value</th>
<td>
<strong
><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Content_type#transform-list"
><code><transform-list></code></a
></strong
>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Default value</th>
<td><em>none</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Animatable</th>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## Transform functions
The following transform functions can be used by the `transform` attribute `<transform-list>`
> [!WARNING]
> As per the spec, you should be able to also use CSS [transform functions](/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform-function). However, the compatibility isn't guaranteed.
### Matrix
The `matrix(<a> <b> <c> <d> <e> <f>)` transform function specifies a transformation in the form of a transformation matrix of six values. `matrix(a,b,c,d,e,f)` is equivalent to applying the transformation matrix:
<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
<math display="block">
<semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.5ex"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>c</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>e</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>d</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>f</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX">\begin{pmatrix} a & c & e \\ b & d & f \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}</annotation></semantics>
</math>
<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
Which maps coordinates from a previous coordinate system into a new coordinate system by the following matrix equalities:
<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
<math display="block">
<semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.5ex"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>x</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>newCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>y</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>newCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.5ex"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>c</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>e</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>d</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>f</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>0</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.5ex"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>x</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>y</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mtable rowspacing="0.5ex"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>e</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><msub><mi>x</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>d</mi><msub><mi>y</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mrow><mi>prevCoordSys</mi></mrow></mstyle></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>f</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX"> \begin{pmatrix} x_{\mathrm{newCoordSys}} \\ y_{\mathrm{newCoordSys}} \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a & c & e \\ b & d & f \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} x_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} \\ y_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} a x_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + c y_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + e \\ b x_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + d y_{\mathrm{prevCoordSys}} + f \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}</annotation></semantics>
</math>
<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="0 0 200 200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect x="10" y="10" width="30" height="20" fill="green" />
<!--
In the following example we are applying the matrix:
[a c e] [3 -1 30]
[b d f] => [1 3 40]
[0 0 1] [0 0 1]
which transform the rectangle as such:
top left corner: oldX=10 oldY=10
newX = a * oldX + c * oldY + e = 3 * 10 - 1 * 10 + 30 = 50
newY = b * oldX + d * oldY + f = 1 * 10 + 3 * 10 + 40 = 80
top right corner: oldX=40 oldY=10
newX = a * oldX + c * oldY + e = 3 * 40 - 1 * 10 + 30 = 140
newY = b * oldX + d * oldY + f = 1 * 40 + 3 * 10 + 40 = 110
bottom left corner: oldX=10 oldY=30
newX = a * oldX + c * oldY + e = 3 * 10 - 1 * 30 + 30 = 30
newY = b * oldX + d * oldY + f = 1 * 10 + 3 * 30 + 40 = 140
bottom right corner: oldX=40 oldY=30
newX = a * oldX + c * oldY + e = 3 * 40 - 1 * 30 + 30 = 120
newY = b * oldX + d * oldY + f = 1 * 40 + 3 * 30 + 40 = 170
-->
<rect
x="10"
y="10"
width="30"
height="20"
fill="red"
transform="matrix(3 1 -1 3 30 40)" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('Matrix', '100%', 200)}}
### Translate
The `translate(<x> [<y>])` transform function moves the object by `x` and `y`. If `y` is not provided, it is assumed to be `0`.
In other words:
```plain
xnew = xold + <x>
ynew = yold + <y>
```
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!-- No translation -->
<rect x="5" y="5" width="40" height="40" fill="green" />
<!-- Horizontal translation -->
<rect
x="5"
y="5"
width="40"
height="40"
fill="blue"
transform="translate(50)" />
<!-- Vertical translation -->
<rect
x="5"
y="5"
width="40"
height="40"
fill="red"
transform="translate(0 50)" />
<!-- Both horizontal and vertical translation -->
<rect
x="5"
y="5"
width="40"
height="40"
fill="yellow"
transform="translate(50 50)" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('Example_3', '100%', 200)}}
### Scale
The `scale(<x> [<y>])` transform function specifies a scale operation by `x` and `y`. If `y` is not provided, it is assumed to be equal to `x`.
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="-50 -50 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!-- uniform scale -->
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="red" transform="scale(4)" />
<!-- vertical scale -->
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="yellow" transform="scale(1, 4)" />
<!-- horizontal scale -->
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="pink" transform="scale(4, 1)" />
<!-- No scale -->
<circle cx="0" cy="0" r="10" fill="black" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('Scale', '100%', 200)}}
### Rotate
The `rotate(<a> [<x> <y>])` transform function specifies a rotation by `a` degrees about a given point. If optional parameters `x` and `y` are not supplied, the rotation is about the origin of the current user coordinate system. If optional parameters `x` and `y` are supplied, the rotation is about the point `(x, y)`.
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="-12 -2 34 14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10" />
<!-- rotation is done around the point 0,0 -->
<rect x="0" y="0" width="10" height="10" fill="red" transform="rotate(100)" />
<!-- rotation is done around the point 10,10 -->
<rect
x="0"
y="0"
width="10"
height="10"
fill="green"
transform="rotate(100, 10, 10)" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('Rotate', '100%', 200)}}
### SkewX
The `skewX(<a>)` transform function specifies a skew transformation along the x axis by `a` degrees.
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="-5 -5 10 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" />
<rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" fill="red" transform="skewX(30)" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('SkewX', '100%', 200)}}
### SkewY
The `skewY(<a>)` transform function specifies a skew transformation along the y axis by `a` degrees.
#### Example
```css hidden
html,
body,
svg {
height: 100%;
}
```
```html
<svg viewBox="-5 -5 10 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" />
<rect x="-3" y="-3" width="6" height="6" fill="red" transform="skewY(30)" />
</svg>
```
{{EmbedLiveSample('SkewY', '100%', 200)}}
## Specifications
{{Specifications}}